unit 4 - skeletal system

what is A?

ligament

what is B?

bone

what is C?

muscle

what is D?

synovial membrane

what is E?

joint cavity containing synovial fluid

synovial fluid

what is F?

articular cartilage

what is G?

tendon

what is A?

compact bone

what is B?

spongy bone

what is C?

cartilage

what is D?

periosteum

what is E?

yellow bone marrow

what is F?

marrow cavity

what is A?

coronal suture

what is B?

squamous suture

what is C?

sagittal suture

what is D?

lambdoid suture

cranium

axial

mandible

axial

magnum foramen

axial

vertebral column

axial

sternum

axial

ribs

axial

costal cartilage

axial

sacrum

axial

coccyx

axial

scapula

appendicular

clavicle

appendicular

humerus

appendicular

radius

appendicular

ulna

appendicular

hands & fingers

appendicular

pelvis

appendicular

femur

appendicular

tibia

appendicular

fibula

appendicular

foot & toes

appendicular

compound fracture

ends of bones protruding through skin

simple fracture

bone splinters/fragments between two main fragments, due to compression

greenstick fracture

partial fracture, one side breaks & other bends

occurs in children (bones are fully ossified)

spiral fracture

bone breaks in half by a twisting force or impact

transverse fracture

breaks straight across bone

stress fracture

thin crack, also “hairline fracture”

fibrous joints

immovable

found in sutures of cranium

cartilaginous joint

semi-movable

found in vertebral disc

synovial joint

fully moveable

found in knee & elbow

SYNOVIAL - hinge

angular, open-closing motion

found in: elbow & knee

SYNOVIAL - pivot

“peg in hole”, rotation on central axis

found in: atlantoaxial joint (allows head to move side to side)

SYNOVIAL - planar

2 surfaces glide against each other; side to side and back and fourth

found in: carpals & tarsals

SYNOVIAL - ball & socket

ball-like surface of one bone fits into the cup like depression of another bone

found in: shoulder & hip

JOINT INJURY - sprain

twisting/wrenching of joint

may damage blood vessels, muscles, tendons, nerves

swelling, pain, bruising

JOINT INJURY- dislocation

displacement of bone from joint

JOINT INJURY - avulsion

skin layers torn off to reveal muscles & tendons

JOINT INJURY - subluxation

partial dislocation

BONE MARROW - yellow

found in: shaft of long bone

purpose: produce cartilage, fat, bone

BONE MARROW - red

found in: flat bones

purpose: contains cells that create red, white blood cells and platelets

male spread of pelvis

more vertical & less flared

female spread of pelvis

more flared & oval

male shape or obturator foramen

larger & rounder

female shape of obturator foramen

smaller & triangular

male angle across pubic symphysis

less than 90 degrees & acute angle

female angle across pubic symphysis

greater than 90 degrees & obtuse angle

male inner diameter of pelvic inlet

smaller

female inner diameter of pelvic inlet

larger (room for baby head)

long bones

• greater in length/width

• long shaft

short bones

• somewhat cubed shape

• equal in length and width

• ex: tarsal & carpals

flat bones

• thin

• provide protection

• ex: ribes, cranial

irregular bones

• complex shape

• ex: vertebrae, some facial bones

sesamoid bones

• protect tendons from wear and tear

• ex: patella

diaphysis

• long cylindrical

• main portion of bone

• adds to length

epiphysis

• distal and proximal ends of bone

• help to form joint

• contains spongy bone

metaphysis

where epiphysis meets diaphysis

epiphyseal plate

layer of cartilage being replaced by bone

cartilage

• reduces friction

• absorbs shock

spongey bone

• contains red marrow

• ex: hip bones, ribs, breast bones

compact bone

• solid, dense bone

• external layer of all bones of body

• bulk of body of long bones

• provides protection

marrow cavity

space within diaphysis which contains yellow marrow (fat)

periosteum

• tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue

• surrounds bone surface

• protects bone

• helps with repair

• point of attachment

endosteum

• lines surface of marrow cavity

• containing bone forming cells (growth in width of bone)