Global Demography

Global City

Population, particularly people, is an important factor in a city or even a country's flourishing.

Global City

Without the people, development and growth will not progress.

Demography

A branch of social science that analyzes human populations using empirical, statistical, and mathematical methods.

Size

Important to determine how many people live in a population.

Population size and structure

Affect labor supply, consumption, and social services.

Asia’s most populated countries

Philippines included.

112,729,484 (PSA data)

Latest population count

Increase of 3.69 million since 2020 census

Latest population count

Composition Factors

Education

Composition Factors

Age

Composition Factors

Religion

Composition Factors

Gender / Sex

Composition Factors

Ethnicity

Raped at 8, pregnant at 9, gave birth at 10

Fertility (Births)

Ages 10–14 rose from 2,411 (2019) → 3,343 (2023) (6.6% increase)

Fertility (Births) Statistics

Fertility (Births) 75%

Rape cases.

Fertility (Births) 6/10

Incestuous rape.

Fertility (Births) ≥5, 20

Half gave birth ___ times before age ___.

Mortality (Deaths)

Refers to deaths in a population.

Nuptiality (Marriage)

NDHS: Proportion of women 15–49 cohabiting/living with partners quadrupled over 3 decades.

Migration

Movement across regions or countries.

Thomas Malthus, geometrically

Population grows ___ (2 → 4 → 8 → 16 → 32 → 64).

Thomas Malthus, arithmetically

Food supply increases ___ (1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 → 6).

Thomas Malthus

If births go unchecked → Population outstrips food supply.

Paul R. Ehrlich Overpopulation

Food shortages & mass starvation.

Paul R. Ehrlich

Advocated strict population control (limiting births).

Paul R. Ehrlich

Warned: Global crisis unless growth is controlled.

Chemical Castration

Uses medication to reduce testosterone levels.

Chemical Castration

Originally for prisoners, esp. sex offenders.

Chemical Castration

Applied to those with compulsive sexual behavior / hypersexuality.

Monetary Incentives

Governments give financial rewards to families who limit children.

Monetary Incentives

Example: Two-Child Policy (Singapore).

Institution-Building

Creation of government agencies to manage population & environment.

Institution-Building

Example: India’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Family Planning

Programs: contraception, education, reproductive health services.

Family Planning Philippines RA 10354

Ensures access to contraceptives, reproductive health education, maternal care.

Remedies for Overpopulation

Chemical Castration

Remedies for Overpopulation

Monetary Incentives

Remedies for Overpopulation

Institution-Building

Remedies for Overpopulation

Policy-Oriented Measures

Remedies for Overpopulation

Family Planning

Migration Travelling abroad

Movement of people for various reasons.

Types of Migration Internal migration

Movement within one country (e.g., Naga ↔ Manila).

Types of Migration International migration

Crossing borders (e.g., OFWs).

Migration Factors Push Factors

Reasons to leave.

Migration Factors Push Factors

Lack of jobs / Poverty.

Migration Factors Push Factors

Natural disasters / Famine.

Migration Factors Push Factors

War & Conflict.

Migration Factors Push Factors

Persecution / Discrimination.

Migration Factors Pull Factors

Reasons to go.

Migration Factors Pull Factors

Better economic opportunities.

Migration Factors Pull Factors

Family reunification.

Migration Factors Pull Factors

Safety & political stability.

Migration Factors Pull Factors

Better education & healthcare.

Push Factors

War

Push Factors

Discrimination

Push Factors

Environmental disasters

Push Factors

Poverty & hunger

Push Factors

Political instability

Push Factors

Economic depression

Pull Factors

Employment opportunities

Pull Factors

Political freedom

Pull Factors

Religious freedom

Pull Factors

Academic opportunities

Pull Factors

Family members

Pull Factors

Quality of life