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ecological succession
series of unpredictable stages of growth that a forest goes through.
primary succession
starts from bare rock in area w/ no previous soil formation, then slowly forms to community
secondary succession
starts from already established soil, but disturbance happens and area is cleared. Seeds then dispersed by wind or animal droppings.
Pioneer or early succession species
appear first
come when ground is bare rock
fast growing
tolerate shallow soil and full sun
Ex: moss
mid-successional species
appear after 1st species have given soil more nutrients
-kinda fast growing
larger
need deep, nutrient, soils
sun tolerant
ex: shrubs, bushes
late successional or climax community species
appear last, after soil is nutrient
large, slow growing trees
tolerant of shade, require deep soils
ex: maples, oaks.