People Ch 1-7

Paul Reuters

1850’s carrier piegons from Berlin to Paris. Founded the Reuders website for all business information. He was the business leader in communication.

Moores Law

1965, computing power will double every 18 months.

Microsfot Word

Founded in 1983

Sir Tim Berners-Lee

Invinted the first web browser.

Microsoft Disk Opearating System

1980, Bill Gates and Paul Allen created MS-DOS. In 1975, they founded microsfot windows.

Bill Gates

Founded Microsoft Windows in 1975 with Paul Allen.

Critical thinking

Look at all the outcomes and arrive at the best possible decision.

IofT

Internet of Things.

Paradigms

Typical example or pattern or something; a model.

What does IT stand for?

Information Technology: Study, design, development, implementation, support, and management of computer-based information systems.

best pratice

The best way to do something and remember how to do it.

rote

Memorizing key strokes to accomplish a task.

Sarbanes-oxley Act of 2002

Protects investors from accounting and reporting fraud.

File Allocation Table

Directs the read/wirte arm of the hard drive to where data exist and access it up users request.

Productivity suit

A collection of software applications(apps) designed to help the user perform work. A bundle of applications like word, sreedshets, etc…

Object embedding

Allows a user to select an entire area from appication and part of another. A source file can be embedded in a destination file, it is a screen shot and cannot be ediited.

Object linking

Dynamic allows the source file that is linked into the destination file to stay up to date.

OS Responsiabilities

Reading/writing data, and coordinating memory and storage.

Word processor

used to create, compose, edit, format, and print documents. Can create any format of a document. A software application that allows users to manipulate text and graphics for various types of written communication.

Adobe acrobat

Allows user to edit, create, format, and print PDFs, can be accessed from any platform.

Acrobat reader

Freeware product for viewing, printing, and annotating PDFs.

Database Management System Software(DBMS):

Used to create a collection of related files called tables that consist of records(rows) of data separated by fields(columns).

Browser

Allows the user to view items via the internet.

Smallest addressable unit in memory

Byte

Collection of related information

Database

which software can provide a table of contents

Word processor

System unit

The main body of a computer that contains a motherboard. Contains the inner hardware of the computer.

Mother board

The primary circuit board. Complex array of electronics that connect and help different components of a computer communicate.

Printed Circuit board(PCB)

A logical and economical way to replace loose wiring by applying copper wires directly to a sheet of non-conductive plastic

What is considered the brains

The microprocessor, plugged directly into the motherboard, is contained within the Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPU

Interepts program instructions and processes data by performing arithemitc and logical operations.

clock rate

Number of cycles per second that a computer can perform its most basic task. Measured in Giga hertz, can only understand bits.

Reduced Instruction set computer(RISC)

First 64 bit processor was designed for efficiency. Many chips are encased on one chip.

types of Bus types

PCI_Peripheral component interconnect

AGP-Accerlated Graphics port

USB_Universal serial bus

Firewire-High performance serial bus

American Standard Code for Information Interchange(ASCII)

A character encoding standard, most computers use this.

Power supply Unit(PSU)

Convert alternating current(AC) to a lower voltage direct current(DC)

Complimentary Metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS chip)

Non-volatile, stores critical programming information that tells the computer what components it has.

Read-only memory chips(ROM)

preprogrammed, and serve to perform specialized internal tasks like starting the computer. Contains the start-up information like BIOS.

Expansion card

A specialized circuit board that can be plugged into a motherboard to add further functionality.

serial port

Send and receive information form the deivce to the system unit one bit at a time

Paraell ports

Send multiple bits at a time, requiring the device and system unit to first communicate and agree upon the transfer of data.

Two most popular plug and play ports

Fire wire and universal serial bus

Fire wire

created by apple, used with video games and digital cameras

universal serial bus (USB)

Provides a standard to most other devices.

Machine code/machine language

Binary system of ones and zeros, representing patterns of bits that represent instructions that a computer central processing unit is able to understand.

Optical character recognition(OCR)

Scans documents and copy the words and translates them to a digital format like Microsoft Word.

Radio Frequency Identification(RFID)

Input mechanisam that can be used to label a product for identification and have the product’s information transmitted through radio waves

Pixel

Computer monitors are made up of small dots called pixels. Resolution is defined by the amount of pixels inside a monitor, referred to as Dots per Inch(DPI)

plotters/vector Graphics Printing Device

Used to prtint complex line art like architectural designs.

What are characters

Unique internal representations

ASCII 1char→1bytes

Unicode→2 bytes

Operating system

collection of programs that administer the hardware and software of a computer so that they work properly. Controls and allocates memory, administers inputs/outputs, and manages the file system.

Microsoft Windows, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS.A

CPU Cache

Small, quick memory because it stores copies of information and data from the most regulary used partos of main memory. Helps decrease the time it takes to access memory. “likely-need soon data”. Mini super fast instructions. EX: opening google is faster the second time than the first time.

Registers

Fast, small memory locations are used to quicken the implementation of computer programs by providing access to commonly calculated values. Inside the CPU core, directly used in instructions.

Virtual memory

Memory that the operating system sues to coordingate, trac, and efficeiently allocate the use of CPU cache, registors, Ram, disk storage. Lets bigger applicaiton programs use fragmented pieces of memory allowing easier use of physical memory. Trick the OS uses to make your computer think you have more RAM than it does. It allows the system to use disk space as additional RAM, improving multitasking and letting larger applications run efficiently.

File allocation Table(FAT)

Directs the read/write arm of the hard drive to where data exists and accesses it upong user request.

File management

Made up of hirearchy of directories/folders. Microsoft windows reprsents its file management system with a GUI, which is the inner workings of of a file cabient, contains file folders and houses papers.

transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol(TCP/IP)

A set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another. Breaks up files into Packets and passes them from one computer to another. TCP/IP ensures the files are intact and usable by rebuilding the packets into files. Internet is the worlds largest TCP/IPnetwork, allowing communication between devices.

Net work Operating System(NOS)

Controls entire network of computers. It manages resources, schedules tasks, provides security, and allows communication between devices in a network.

Device Driver

Allows OS to communicate with peripheral hardware.

Embedded Operating Systems

Highly modified, stripped down versions of larger platforms that manufacturers produce for specific task and devices like ATM and iPhones.

Microsoft windows

GUI-based, dominant OS market, founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. First version was Windows 1.0 in 1985. Previous was not GUI but DOS.

Mac OS

GUI-based, founded in 1984 by Apple, Apple was started by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. Current OS is called Mojavie

Unix

Developed by Bell Labs in the 60’s and 70’s. Popular for large processing applicaitons like credit card transaction and approval.

Linux

Non properitary, started by Linus Torvalds. An open-source operating system that is known for its stability and flexibility, widely used in servers and personal computers.

Diffusion

Once a software is widely Accpeted.

Most PC’s dont have what?

Spinning platters, most PC’s have SSD’s(Solid State Devices.)

FAT/NTFS(New Technology File system)

Table of contents, tracks where infomration resides on a hard drive.

Who came up with GUi

Jobs and Wozniakat Apple Computer

year 2K change

When the date went from 1999 to 2000, businesses backed up a lot of their data just in case of a disaster, which is why comapnies were prepared for 9/11. The US spent 100M in 1999 to go from two digits to four digits.

Fiber town

Fiber town stores data from Houston oil and gas.

ASCII

256 possible combinations of 8 bites in a byte, only 95 characters in the ASCII.E

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code(EBCDIC)

Larger computes like IBM mainframes use this

Unicode

Allows 16 bits per character, used to support international code.

Read/write head

An electromagnet that read/writes the electromagnetic charges that make up bits and bytes.

Formation of a disk drive

Tracks are the concentric bands that surround the disk, divided into pie-shaped wedges called sectors; more than one sector makes a cluster.

Floppy disk

1.44Mb, flexible magnetic storage disk

Hard disk drive

40Gb-50TB, stores data on rapidly rotating platters.

Flas memory/USB flash thumb drive

256Mb-2TB, solid state, general storage,

Compact Disk(CD)

600Mb-1Gb, optical disk, audio recordings

DVD(digital versatile disc)

15-30Gb, movies

Blue ray

25-30Gb, high defintition video

Magnetic tape

Unlimited access, sequential access, still used for backing up main frame data. R

Redundant array of Indexpensive disk(RAID)

Unlimited memory, series of stacked, spinning hard disk platter.

Holographic Storage

Stores information in a 3-d dimensional photopolymer, has many surface to store data.

Molecular sorage

Relies on special chemicals to change the state of a single molecule from positive charge to negative charge.

Authentication

Making sure you are who you say you are. Checks through a log in(password), what you have(badge, duo), biometrics(finger, eye, facial, voice).

Authorization

What youre allowed to do and access

Audit trail

Leaves a line of people who changed items along wiht dates. Why, who, who gave the persmission.

Booting

Loading the platform into the computesr memory

Cold Boot

Powering a computer for the first time

Warm Boot

Restarting a computer that is already running

BIOS(Basic input/output system)

Firmware embedded on a computer, locates the computers hardware, then the OS takes over.

Registry

Contains settings like screen savers, apperance, and personlization

Login

Computer authenticating a user

Profile

represents the users specfics preferences, the system administrator can control the profile and restrict them from changing settings.

Network Administarators

Required to manage tasks like hardware setupup and computer configuration.

Admin

Required to work closely with all business functions to determine which employees can access various departments data.

Pages

The smaller files that represent larger files in virtual memory

Swap Files

When the platform stores tempoary copies of pages on the hard drive.

Desktop

back ground displayed on the monitor