Bell Ringer Stations: Station 1 - Mitosis Models (2 Inquiry) Station 2 - Plant or Animal Cell Model (3 Inquiry) Station 3 - Light Microscope Parts (2 Inquiry) Station 4 - Model of a Human Organ (3 Inquiry)
What stage is this?
Prophase
What happens in prophase
Chromatin condenses into paired chromosomes (sister chromatids)
Spindle fibres form
Centrioles move to each pole
Nuclear membrane dissolves and nucleolus disappears
What stage is this
Metaphase
What happens in metaphase
Centromere attaches to spindle fibres and line up the chromosomes (sister chromatids) at the metaphase plate.
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Metaphase = Middle
what stage is this
Anaphase
What happens in anaphase
Spindle fibres shorten and pull sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell
Centromere splits
Sister chromatids are separated into two identical chromosomes
What stage is this
Telephase
What happens in telephase
Spindle fibres disappear
Chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell
Nuclear membranes reappears around DNA
Chromosomes relax/untangle back into chromatin
what stage is this
Cytokinesis
what happens in Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis is completed
Cell membrane pinches inwards
Cytoplasm splits in half
The cell splits into two genetically identical daughter cells
Daughter cells return to interphase
what is this? what is its function?
Cell Membrane (Plants and Animals)
Separates and protects the cell from its surroundings; Regulates what enters/exits the cell (selectively permeable).
What is this? What is its function?
Cell Wall (Plants)
Surrounds cell membrane; Strong and rigid; Provides support to cell
What is this? What is its function?
Cytoplasm / Cytosol (Plants and Animals)
Gelatinous (jelly-like) substance; Carries out chemical reactions; Supports organelles.
What is this? What is its function?
Nucleus (Plants and Animals)
Controls the cell’s activities; Contains DNA; Surrounded by nuclear membrane/envelope with nuclear pores.
What is this? What is its function?
Nucleolus (Plants and Animals)
Produces ribosomes.
What is this? What is its function?
Nucleoplasm (Plants and Animals)
Gelatinous (jelly-like substance; Contains DNA (chromatin).
What is this? What is its function?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Plants and Animals)
Processes and transports proteins; Studded with ribosomes; Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis.
What is this? What is its function?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Plants and Animals)
Makes lipids and steroids; Carbohydrate metabolism; Breaks down drugs and toxins (detoxification) in the liver; Storage & release of calcium (for muscle movement).
What is this? What is its function?
Ribosomes (Plants and Animals)
Builds proteins; Found on rough endoplasmic reticulum or free-floating in cytosol
What is this? What is its function?
Golgi Body/Apparatus (Plants and Animals)
Modifies, stores and transports proteins from the RER and substances like fats from the SER.
What is this? What is its function?
Vacuoles (Plants and Animals)
Storage of macromolecules, stores harmful substances; Animal cells have lots of small vacuoles and plant cells have one large vacuole; keeps plants firm by pressing against cell wall.
What is this? What is its function?
Vesicles (Plants and Animals)
for transport of substances.
What is this? What is its function?
Lysosomes (Animals and Rarely Plants)
Contains digestive enzymes:
Digestion (e.g., unicellular organisms)
Fighting disease (in white blood cells)
Recycling cell components
Cell suicide
What is this? What is its function?
Mitochondria (Plants and Animals)
Site of cellular respiration; Breaks down glucose to produce ATP (energy); known as the “powerhouse of the cell”.
What is this? What is its function?
Chloroplasts (Plants)
Site of photosynthesis; Uses solar energy and carbon dioxide to produce glucose.
What is this? What is its function?
Cytoskeleton (Animals and Plants)
Network of fibers; Provides support and structure; Allows movement in cell.
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Stage
Supports the microscope slide
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Arm
Provides support for the head (upper region)
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Base
Supports/stabilizes the microscope
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Clips
Hold the slide in place on the stage
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Diaphragm
Controls how much light reaches the object on the stage/enters stage opening
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Objective Lens
Lenses that magnifies the specimen
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Revolving Nosepiece
Rotates to allow the objective lenses to change (allows user to switch between different lenses)
holds objective in place
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Body Tube
Directs light toward the eye piece
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Eyepiece/Ocular Lens
Magnifies the object by 10x
Magnifies/focuses the image into the eye
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Coarse-Adjustment Knob
Focuses light on the slide
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Fine-Adjustment Knob
Gets the object in sharp focus (fine detail)
What is the part of the microscope? What is its function?
Light Source (Lamp)
Projects a beam of light toward the specimen
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
The Heart
Cardiac muscle tissue causes the heart to contract as one unit. Simple squamous epithelial tissue lines the inside and outside of the heart to protect it from friction. Intercalated discs - in heart tissue (allow for simultaneous contraction of heart muscle)
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Blood Vessels
Arteries: Carry blood away from heart.
Veins: Carry blood toward heart.
Capillaries: Allows oxygen and nutrients to enter cells; Surround each body cell.
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Blood
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): Transports oxygen to cells.
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): Recognize and destroy foreign microbes.
Platelets: Cell fragments involved with blood clotting.
\n Plasma: Protein-rich liquid that carries blood cells
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Trachea
Air from mouth and nose pass through trachea
Cartilaginous rings keep it open
Lined with ciliated epithelium (cilia ‘beat’ to move mucus and foreign debris away from lungs)
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Lungs
Non-muscular organ filled with alveoli
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Alveoli
Alveoli are small air sacs surrounded by capillaries
Where gas exchange occurs in the lungs
Lined with simple squamous epithelium for gas exchange
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Bronchi
The bronchi are the two large tubes that carry air from your windpipe to your lungs
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Diaphragm
Dome-shaped muscle
Attached to bottom lungs
Contracts & relaxes to allow chest cavity to expand and contract
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Mouth
Teeth physically break down food
Saliva (produced by epithelial tissue) helps to chemically breakdown food
Digestive enzymes help to chemically break down
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Esophagus
Smooth muscle contracts and relaxes to push food to stomach (peristalsis).
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Stomach
Stores food
Smooth muscle contracts to mix food with digestive juices
Digestive Juices = hydrochloric acid, mucus, and enzymes
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Liver
Removes toxins from the body
Helps to maintain healthy blood sugar levels
Produces bile (a substance responsible for digesting fats)
Bile is stored in the gallbladder
Stores vitamins and minerals
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Small Intestines
Digestion and then absorption of nutrients through villi and microvilli - absorbed into capillaries for cellular respiration
6-7 metres (~20 feet) in length
Villi (hair-like projections) contain blood vessels and help absorb nutrients
Simple columnar epithelium lines most of the digestive system (ABSORPTION!)
what organ is it? what does it do? what system is it a part of?
Large Intestines
Water reabsorbed into body
Solid matter excreted as feces from anus