The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes

These flashcards cover key concepts about the spinal cord, spinal nerves, functions, anatomy, and reflexes.

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

It connects the brain with the lower body and serves as an information highway.

What does neural integration in the spinal cord involve?

It involves input from multiple sources that are processed and executed as output.

What are the two types of nerve fibers found in the anterior and posterior roots of spinal nerves?

Sensory fibers in the posterior root and motor fibers in the anterior root.

What are the three layers of the meninges surrounding the spinal cord?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater.

What is the cauda equina?

A bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5.

What distinguishes the cervical enlargement in the spinal cord?

It supplies nerves to the upper limb.

What is a dermatome?

A specific area of skin that receives sensory input from a pair of spinal nerves.

What is required for a reflex to occur?

A stimulus, as reflexes are not spontaneous and require sensory input.

What is a reflex arc?

The neural pathway that mediates a reflex action including sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.

What is the function of golgi tendon organs?

They monitor tension and help prevent muscle damage during excessive contraction.

What is the result of complete transection of the spinal cord?

Immediate loss of motor control below the level of injury.

What are two types of paralysis resulting from spinal cord injuries?

Paraplegia (paralysis of lower limbs) and quadriplegia (paralysis of all four limbs).