Public Radiography of Toes, Calcaneus, and Patella: Projections, Positioning, and Techniques

These flashcards cover various aspects of radiography for toes, calcaneus, and patella, including projection techniques, positioning details, collimation standards, and other critical information.

The 4 routine projections for the toes are __.

AP forefoot, AP axial, oblique, lateral

The 3 routine projections for the calcaneus are __.

lateral, plantodorsal axial, dorsoplantar axial

The SID for most lower extremity projections is __.

40-48"

The IR is __ for toe & calcaneus projections.

tabletop

The angulation used for AP toes projections is __ and in which direction?

15° cephalic (toward the heel)

The centering point for AP toes (forefoot) is __.

3rd MTP joint

The collimation standard for AP toes (forefoot) is __.

1" on sides, include 1" of distal metatarsals

The number of phalanges that should be visible in an AP toes (forefoot) projection is __.

14

The joint spaces that should be open in AP toes projections are __.

IP & MTP joints

To ensure no rotation in an AP toes (forefoot) projection, check for __.

equal concavity on both sides of phalanges & even soft tissue borders

If the AP toes projections are done with no angulation, __ will happen.

IP joint spaces will appear closed

The centering point for oblique toes & single-digit AP toes is __.

MTP joint of interest

The collimation standard for oblique & single-digit AP toes is __.

1" on sides, include ½ of distal metatarsal

The degree of rotation for oblique toes is __.

30-40°

For the 1st-3rd digits, the foot should be rotated __ in an oblique view.

medially

For the 4th-5th digits, the foot should be rotated __ in an oblique view.

laterally

To check for correct rotation on an oblique toe, look for __.

increased concavity on 1 side of the phalanges & overlapping of MT heads or soft tissue

The digits that are lateromedial in the lateral view are __.

1st-3rd digits

The digits that are mediolateral in the lateral view are __.

3rd-5th digits

The CR for the 1st digit in a lateral view is centered at __.

IP joint

The CR for digits 2–5 in a lateral view is centered at __.

PIP joint

The collimation standard for a lateral toe is __.

collimate tightly to the digit of interest, include distal phalanx

To ensure lateral toes are truly lateral, check for __.

posterior surfaces of phalanges showing concavity & are superimposed

The joint spaces that should be open in a lateral toe are __.

IP joints

Tangential means __.

skimming the part

The centering point for both sesamoid methods is __.

tangential to the 1st MTP joint

The collimation standard for tangential sesamoids is __.

tight to sesamoids & 1st MT head

In the Lewis method, the patient is with the resting on the IR.

prone; great toe

In the Holly method, the patient is positioned __.

seated with toes pulled back toward the leg using a positioning aid

The lateral calcaneus projection is __.

mediolateral

The centering point for the lateral calcaneus is __.

1" distal to the medial malleolus

The 3 structures that should be visible in the lateral calcaneus view are __.

calcaneus, ankle joint, tarsals

To ensure no rotation on a lateral calcaneus, check for __.

sinus tarsi visible; calcaneocuboid & talonavicular joints open; tuberosity in profile

The patient positioning for the plantodorsal & dorsoplantar axial calcaneus views differ as follows: __.

plantodorsal—supine; dorsoplantar—prone with ankle elevated on a sponge

The CR angle & centering point for the plantodorsal axial calcaneus projection is __.

40° cephalic, plantar surface at the base of 3rd MT

The CR angle & centering point for the dorsoplantar axial calcaneus projection is __.

40° caudal, posterior ankle

In axial views of the calcaneus, the structures that should be visible are __.

talocalcaneal joint & sustentaculum tali

To ensure no rotation in axial calcaneus projections, check for __.

sustentaculum tali in profile; 1st & 5th MTs not visible

In the dorsoplantar axial calcaneus view, both the & are vertical.

foot, IR

In which projection of the toe is the knee specifically flexed? __

oblique

The surface of the foot that is on the IR in the oblique toe projection is __.

plantar

The 2 tangential sesamoid methods are __.

Lewis & Holly

The 4 routine projections of the patella are __.

PA, tangential merchant, tangential settegast, lateral

The 5 special projections of the knee are __.

CTL, AP weight-bearing, holmblad, camp-coventry, beclere

The 3 axial knee projection methods are and their projection types are .

holmblad (PA), camp-coventry (PA), beclere (AP)