Tissues Review Guide

Flashcards covering key concepts, functions, and characteristics of various tissues in the human body based on lecture notes.

What are the four main types of tissues in the human body?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous.

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Protection, absorption, secretion, sensation.

What is polarity in epithelial tissue?

Polarity refers to the presence of an apical surface (top) and basolateral surface (bottom) of epithelial cells.

What specialized structure increases a cell's surface area?

Microvilli increase surface area.

What is the function of cilia in epithelial tissue?

Cilia move fluids along the surface of cells, such as in the respiratory tract.

What are the major regions of a basal lamina?

Basal lamina consists of a lamina lucida and a lamina densa.

What are intercellular junctions?

Structures that connect cells together, including tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes.

Where are regenerative cells found in epithelial tissue?

Regenerative cells are found in the basal layer of the epithelium to facilitate repair and renewal.

What are the two major classifications of epithelial tissue?

Epithelial tissue is classified by number of layers (simple or stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar).

What are endocrine glands?

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

What are exocrine glands?

Glands that secrete substances through ducts to the outside of the body.

Describe the merocrine mode of secretion.

Merocrine secretion releases products via exocytosis without loss of cellular material.

What is the major function of connective tissue?

Binding and supporting other tissues, storing energy, and facilitating healing.

What are the three major components of connective tissue?

Cells, fibers, and ground substance.

What is the extracellular matrix?

The non-cellular component that provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

What type of fiber in the extracellular matrix is the most common?

Collagen fibers are the most common type.

What is another name for bone tissue?

Osseous tissue.

What fibers does bone contain large amounts of?

Collagen fibers.

What is the major ion found in osseous tissue?

Calcium.

List the three types of cartilage.

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage.

Where is hyaline cartilage found in the body?

It is found at the ends of long bones and in the nose.

What is the function of adipose tissue?

Storing energy and providing insulation.

Where would you find reticular tissue in the body?

In lymphoid organs like the spleen.

What is the major fluid connective tissue?

Blood.

What are the characteristics of blood?

Consists of cells (red/white blood cells), plasma, and platelets.

Where would you find mucus membranes in the body?

Lining the digestive tract and respiratory tract.

What is the major function of serosae?

To reduce friction between organs.

What are the functions of synovial membranes?

To produce synovial fluid for lubrication of joints.

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

What is a neurotransmitter?

A chemical messenger that transmits signals across a synapse.

In which direction does an axon carry an electrical impulse?

Away from the cell body.

What is the role of neuroglia?

Supporting cells that assist and protect neurons.

What occurs after a tissue is injured?

Inflammation, regeneration, and repair of the tissue.