blood system and immune system

bas/o

base

chrom/o

color

coagul/o

clotting

cyt/o

cell

eosin/o

red, dawn, rosy

erythr/o

red

granul/o

granules

hem/o

blood

hemoglobin/o

hemoglobin

is/o

same, equal

kary/o

nucleus

leuk/o

white

mon/o

one, single

morph/o

shape, form

myel/o

bone marrow

neutr/o

neutral

nucle/o

nucleus

phag/o

eat, swallow

poikil/o

varied, irregular

sider/o

iron

spher/o

globe, round

thromb/o

clot

-apheresis

removal, a carrying away

-blast

immature cell, embryonic

-cyte

cell

-cytosis

abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)

-emia

blood condition

-globin

protein

-globulin

proteins (in plasma; can be separated into alpha, beta, and gamma types)

-lytic

pertaining to destruction

-oid

derived or originating from

-osis

abnormal condition

-penia

deficiency

-phage

eat, swallow

-philia

attraction for (increase in cell numbers)

-poiesis

formation

-stasis

stopping, controlling

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells (RBC), contain hemoglobin

Leukocytes

white blood cells (WBC)

Basophils

A leukocyte that produces histamine.

Eosinophils

phagocytic WBC involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections

Neutrophils

phagocytic WBC; work in early stages of infection

Monocytes

phagocytic WBC that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris

Lymphocytes

A type of white blood cell that controls the immune system and makes antibodies

Thrombocytes

platelets, blood-clotting cell fragments

Blood type A

Antigen: A

Antibody: Anti-B

Blood type B

Antigen: B

Antibody: Anti-A

Blood type AB

A and B antigens and no antibodies (universal recipient)

Blood type O

no antigens, both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, universal donor

Rh factor

positive and negative

Anemia

RBC disease; deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

sickle cell anemia

RBC disease; hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing abnormal sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis

Thalassemia

RBC disease; Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background.

Hemochromatosis

RBC disease; excess iron deposits throughout the body

polycythemia vera

RBC disease; general increase in red blood cells (erythremia)

Hemophilia

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors necessary for blood clotting

purpura

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Leukemia

WBC disease; an increase in cancerous white blood cells

granulocytosis

WBC disease; abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

mononucleosis

WBC disease; infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

multiple myeloma

Bone marrow disease; malignant neoplasm of bone marrow. Malignant cells destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins.

Ab

antibody

ABMT

autologous bone marrow transplantation

ABO

four main blood types - A, B, AB, and O

ALL

acute lymphocytic leukemia

AML

acute myelogenous leukemia

BMT

bone marrow transplant

CBC

complete blood count

CLL

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

CML

chronic myelogenous leukemia

DIC

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Diff

differential count (white blood cells)

EBV

Epstein-Barr virus; cause of mononucleosis

The blood contains the following to transport oxygen

Red blood cells

Blood contains these clotting cells

thrombocytes

Most common type of anemia

Iron deficiency anemia

Lymph

the watery fluid in the lymph vessels throughout the body

Macrophages

phagocytose foreign substances

B lymphocytes (B cells)

produce antibodies

T lymphocytes (T cells)

attack bacteria and foreign cells

Natural immunity

immunity that is inherited and present at birth without prior immunization.

acquired immunity

production of antibodies and lymphocytes to fight an infection after exposure to an antigen

dendritic cells

specialized macrophage derived from monocytes that recognize and digest foreign antigens

complement system

proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill antigen

Vaccines

killed tumor cells that produce cytokines that enhance the immune response

monoclonal antibodies (MoAb)

multiple copies of cells or genes that kill tumor cells

transfer of immune cells

In bone marrow transplantation, T lymphocytes from a donor can replace a patient's immune system with new cells that recognize tumor cells as foreign and kill them.

axill/o

axilla, underarm

cervic/o

neck, cervix (neck of uterus)

immun/o

immune, protection, safe

inguin/o

groin

lymph/o

lymph

lymphaden/o

lymph gland (node)

splen/o

spleen

thym/o

thymus gland

tox/o

poison

-cytosis

condition of cells; slight increase in numbers

-edema

swelling