Poli 450 Exam Two SCOTUS Cases and Holdings

The Prize Cases

Presidential blockade is constitutional because President possesses authority to suppress insurrection

Ex parte Milligan

Writ of habeas corpus is granted because military tribunals have no jurisdiction over citizens while U.S. courts are open

Ex parte Quirin

Jurisdiction of military tribunal is constitutional because Quirin is a soldier and unlawful combatant who violated the laws of war

Koremastu v. United States

Relocation of Japanese individuals is constitutional in order to protect US national security

U.S. v. Curtiss-Wright

Delegation of lawmaking authority to President is constitutional because the President is the sole organ of authority in foreign affairs

Youngstown v. Sawyer

Holding: Truman’s seizure of steel mills is unconstitutional because presidential authority in foreign affairs does not extend into domestic arena

Jacksons Concurrence: When President acts pursuant to congressional authorization,  when president acts in absence of congressional grant or denial, and when President acts against will of Congress

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld

Indefinite detention of U.S. citizen as an enemy combatant is unconstitutional because citizens must be afforded opportunity to challenge status and detention

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland statute taxing the national bank is unconstitutional because bank was chartered under the Necessary and Proper Clause for Congress and states cannot tax a federal institution

Missouri v. Holland

States posses exclusive power over police. Congressional statue enforcing Migratory Bird Treaty is constitutional because of the Necessary and Proper Clause and states police power does not provide exclusive control over power

Hammer v. Dagenhart

Congressional statute regulating child labor is unconstitutional because it violates state police power under the Tenth Amendment

National League of Cities v. Usery

Amendment to FLSA is unconstitutional because traditional governmental functions of states are exclusively governed by states

Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority

Congressional statute (and action by Labor Department) is constitutional. National League of Cities v. Usery is overturned

New York v. United States

Congressional statute requiring states to create their own waste disposal facilities is unconstitutional because federal government cannot compel or coerce state legislation

Chisholm v. Georgia

Lawsuit commenced by Chisholm allowed to proceed. States are not immune from individual suits. This led to the ratification of the 11th Amendment.

Alden v. Maine

 Alden’s claim is dismissed because states enjoy sovereign immunity from private lawsuits involving federal law that are brought in state court

Gibbons v. Ogden

The federal permit supersedes state law because Congress possesses authority over interstate commerce and navigation is considered commerce

U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co

Federal action to prevent monopoly is invalid because manufacturing is not part of interstate commerce

Stafford v. Wallace

 Congressional statute regulating the meatpacking industry is constitutional because stockyards are part of the stream of commerce

Schechter Poultry Corp v. United States

National Industrial Recovery Act is declared unconstitutional because Congress cannot delegate lawmaking authority to the Executive. Workplace and labor regulations are local/intrastate, not interstate.

NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel

The National Labor Relations Act is constitutional because manufacturing directly affects the steam of commerce which Congress may regulate

U.S. v. Darby Lumber

Congressional statute is constitutional because Congress has authority to prohibit shipment of goods across state lines and Hammer v. Dagenhart is overturned

Wickard v. Filburn

Congressional statute is constitutional because the over production of wheat intended for home use substantially affects interstate commerce

United States v. Lopez

The Gun Free School Zone Act is unconstitutional because mere possession of a gun is not related to interstate commerce

United States v. Morrison

The Violence Against Women Act is unconstitutional because Congress does not possess authority to regulate non-economic activities under the Commerce Clause

Gonzales v. Raich

Application of federal statute prohibiting marijuana use is valid and supersedes state law. Consumption of marijuana for medicinal purposes is within authority of Congress to prohibit

Champion v. Ames

Congressional statute banning interstate sale of lottery tickets is constitutional because commerce includes anything of monetary value and regulation includes power to prohibit