BIOLOGY - cell structure ,organisation and levels of organisation

What is the smallest biological unit that possesses all the characteristics of a living organism?

Cell

What shape and size do cells range from?

Cells range from millimetres to micros depending on their function.

What are the structures within a cell that perform specific functions?

Organelles

What is the description of a prokaryotic cell?

A prokaryotic cell is a cell that lacks a nucleus.

What is the description of a eukaryotic cell?

A eukaryotic cell possesses a clearly defined nucleus.

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

The cell wall provides mechanical support, gives shape to the cell, and prevents bursting during endosmosis.

What is the description of the cell surface membrane?

The cell surface membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of all cells and is selectively permeable with receptors for cell respiration.

What are the functions of the cytoplasm?

The cytoplasm is the site for chemical reactions and provides physical structure for the cell.

Where is the nucleus located in plant and animal cells?

In plant cells, it is typically at the edge, and in animal cells, it is located at the centre.

What are the functions of the nucleus?

The nucleus controls the functions and activities of the cell and carries the genetic material.

What is the difference between vacuoles in animal and plant cells?

Animal cells have temporary vacuoles, while plant cells have a large vacuole.

What do vacuoles store in plant cells?

Vacuoles store salts, ions, sugars, wastes, and pigments in cell sap.

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A network of parallel membranes that form tunnels through the cytoplasm.

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Rough ER and Smooth ER.

What is the primary function of Rough ER?

Rough ER transports RNA from the nucleus to ribosomes and is responsible for protein synthesis using ribosomes.

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

What is the function of Smooth ER?

Smooth ER synthesizes lipids and hormones and transports lipids and steroids.

What do chloroplasts do?

Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight to produce food for the cell.

What is the description of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, where ATP (energy) production occurs.

Why must cells that need a lot of energy have many mitochondria?

Cells like muscle cells, which require tons of energy, must have many mitochondria to produce sufficient energy.