The Prelude to World War I: The Crimean War and European Unification Movements

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the events leading up to World War I, including major wars, political movements, and significant figures involved in the unification processes of Italy and Germany.

Crimean War

A major conflict (1853-1856) that marked the end of peace in Europe, stemming from religious tensions in the declining Ottoman Empire.

Realpolitik

A system of politics based on practical and material factors rather than moral or ideological considerations, often associated with Otto von Bismarck.

Italian Unification

The political and social movement that consolidated various states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy, completed in 1871.

Otto von Bismarck

The Prussian statesman who played a key role in unifying Germany and practiced realpolitik to achieve his goals.

Three Emperors League

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia aimed at controlling Eastern Europe and the Balkans.

Franco-Prussian War

A conflict between France and Prussia from 1870 to 1871 that led to the unification of Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm I.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

An Italian general and nationalist who played a significant role in the unification of Italy, known for leading the Red Shirts.

Congress of Berlin

A diplomatic meeting in 1878 aimed at addressing issues in the Balkans but ultimately increasing tensions by ignoring nationalist aspirations.

Triple Alliance

A military agreement formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before World War I to counterbalance France.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often leading to movements for self-determination.