Why are accurate financial documents needed?
To ensure the correct goods are delivered in the correct amount to the customer
To avoid undercharging or overcharging for goods
To allow managers to make strategic decisions
Problems with inaccurate financial documents
Not all costs are accounted for
Investors may lose confidence in the business
Can damage the business reputation
Can lead to cashflow problems
What is a statement of comprehensive income?
Shows the financial performance of an enterprose of an enterprise at a point in time
How is turnover improved?
Increase price
Advertise more to increase sales
Bring out new products
How can costs be reduced
Find a cheaper supplier
Reduce the size of the workforce
Reduce overhead costs
What is a statement of financial position?
Also known as a balance sheet, it balances two things;
How a business is funded
How a business is using these funds
Components of a statement of financial position
Fixed assets
Current assets
Current liabilities
Net current assets
Total assets less current liabilities
How are net current assets calculated?
Current assets - Current Liabilities
How are total assets less current liabilities calculated?
(Fixed assets + Current assets) - Current liabilities
How to know if an enteprise can pay it’s short term liabilities?
Net current assets
If negative, the business can’t pay it’s short term debts
How to know the value of debtors?
Debtors in current assets
If larger than other current assets, there may be risk that customers won’t pay the business back.
How to know if the business can take a loan to expand?
Long term liabilities
If large, the business may struggle to get additional finance.
How to know if the business has made a profit?
Retained Profit
Can be compared with figures from previous years to know whether they have made a profit or loss.
What are the main sources of capital
Internal
Share capital
Retained Profit
External
Bank loan
Other investors
What is the difference between profitability and liquidity
Profitability expresses profit as a percentage of revenue
Liquidity expresses the ability of an enteprise to pay back it’s debt
Examples of profitability ratios
Gross Profit margin
Net profit margin
Examples of liquidity ratios
Current ratio
Liquid capital ratio
What does positive liquidity show?
Cash inflows over time, are greater than cash outflows
Will have cash to pay for purchases
What does negative liquidity show?
Cash inflows are LESS than cash outflows
Will NOT have sufficient cash to pay for purchases
How to calculate current ratio
current assets/curent liabilities
How to calculate liquid capital ratio
(current assets - inventory)/current liabilities
What causes the break even point to lower?
Decrease in costs
Increase in selling price
Sales increase
What does a lower break even point mean?
More profit
Fewer sales required to reach break even
What causes a break even point to increase?
Increase in costs
Decrease in selling price
Sales reduction
What does a higher break even point mean for the business?
LESS profit
Margin of safety decreases
Has to take actions to reduce
What is a margin of safety?
This is the difference between actual output and the break even point
Why could having a large margin of safety be important?
Shows the enteprise is less sensitive to a fall in sales
Shows the business is more likely to make profit, putting it in a secure position
It allows the business to consider changing the selling price to gain market share from competitors
Limitations of break even analysis
All inventory may not be sold= lower revenue
Workers may work overtime= more wages= costs increase
Discount for buying in bulk - costs will decrease