health ed L4

social learning theory

• It focuses on how people observe and learn from others.

• has been popular in health care and nursing.

• Mentoring is one example. In nursing education, a more experienced nurse may demonstrate desirable professional attitudes, skills, and behaviors, which serves as a mentor for a less experienced colleague or student.

social learning theory

• Mentoring also is used in medical treatment. For example, patients in an early stage of an illness or injury may be paired with another patient who is further along or recovered from the problem and can serve as a role model by demonstrating to the novice patient how to cope.

• This kind of mentoring has been helpful for patients with addictions, cancer, heart disease, and the loss of a loved one.

bandura’s self-efficacy theory

• Developed from a social-cognitive perspective, this theory is based on a person’s expectations relative to a specific course of action.

• Predictive theory – deals with the belief that one can accomplish a specific behavior

• Belief of competency and capability relative to certain behaviors – precursor to expected outcomes.

• Used as an outcome determinant

According to Bandura, Self-Efficacy is cognitively appraised and processed through 4 principal sources of information:

1. Performance accomplishment evidenced in selfmastery of similarly expected behaviors. It is the most influential source of efficacy information.

2. Vicarious experiences such as observing successful expected behavior through the modelling of others.

3. Verbal persuasion by others who present realistic beliefs that the individual is capable of the expected behavior.

4. Emotional arousal through self-judgement of physiological states of distress.

   The use of the theory for the nurse as educator is particularly relevant in developing educational programs.

role modelling

One of Bandura’s early observations was that individuals do not need to have direct experiences to learn. Considerable learning occurs by taking note of other people’s behavior and what happens to them, which is termed _________