AP CSP Unit 3

Asymmetric/Public key encryption

A type of encryption that uses a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.

Bandwidth

The maximum rate of data transfer across a network path, measured in bits per second.

Caesar Cipher

A substitution cipher where each letter in the plaintext is shifted a certain number of places down or up the alphabet.

Cipher

An algorithm for performing encryption or decryption.

Computing Device

An electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions (software).

Computing Innovation

The introduction of new technologies or methods that improve computing processes or capabilities.

Computing Network

A group of interconnected computing devices that can communicate and share resources.

Computing System

A combination of hardware and software that performs computing tasks.

Cracking Encryption

The process of deciphering encrypted data without access to the key.

Datastream

A continuous flow of data that is transmitted over a network.

DDoS

an attack that aims to make a service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources.

Decryption

The process of converting encrypted data back into its original form.

Digital Divide

The gap between individuals who have access to modern information and communication technology and those who do not.

Domain Name

A human-readable address used to access websites, which is translated into an IP address by DNS.

DNS

a system that translates domain names into IP addresses.

Encryption

The process of converting information or data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.

Fault Tolerant

The ability of a system to continue operating properly in the event of a failure of some of its components.

HTTP

the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet.

HTTPS

an extension of HTTP that uses encryption for secure communication over a computer network.

Internet

A global network of interconnected computers that communicate using standardized protocols.

IP

Internet protocol that has a set of rules for addressing and sending packets across the internet

IP Address

A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.

Keylogging

The act of recording the keystrokes made by a user on a keyboard, often used maliciously to capture sensitive information. A Malware that tracks whats being typed.

Malware

Malicious software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a computer system. (Keylogger, Spyware, Adware, Trojan horse, Root Kit, Worm, Virus)

Man in the Middle

A security breach where a third party intercepts and potentially alters the communication between two parties.

Multifactor Authentication

A security process that requires multiple forms of verification to gain access to a resource.

Packet

A formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network.

Packet Metadata

Information about a packet that describes its origin, destination, and other attributes, but not the content itself.

Password Attacks/Theft

Attempts to gain unauthorized access to a system by cracking or stealing passwords.

Path

The route that data takes from one point to another in a network.

Phishing Attacks

Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information by disguising as a trustworthy entity in electronic communications.

Symmetric/Private key encryption

A type of encryption where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption.

Protocol

A set of rules governing the exchange of data between devices in a network.

Ransomware

A type of malware that encrypts a user's files and demands payment for the decryption key.

Redundancy

The inclusion of extra components or systems to ensure reliability and availability in case of failure.

Rogue Access Point

an unauthorized network access point created to trick users into connecting so attackers can intercept data.

Router

A device that forwards data packets between computer networks, directing traffic on the Internet.

Scalability

The capability of a system to handle a growing amount of work or its potential to accommodate growth.

Social Engineering

The psychological manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information.

SSL

a protocol that encrypts data sent over the internet to protect it from being intercepted.

TCP

protocol that ensures data transfer reliably and correctly

TLS

modern encryption protocol that secures data transmitted over the internet, replacing SSL.

UDP

a protocol that sends packets quickly without guaranteeing order or delivery, prioritizing speed over reliability.

wifi

A technology that allows electronic devices to connect to a wireless local area network (WLAN).

World Wide Web

system of interlinked documents and resources accessed via the Internet.

Zero Day Exploits

Attacks that occur on the same day a vulnerability is discovered, before a fix is available.