Pharmacology

What is pharmacodynamics?

action of the drug on the body (its use)

what is pharmacokinetics?

action of the body on the drug (how its broken down)

what is the standard management of a paracetamol overdose?

activated charcoal

What antibiotic is most appropriate to treat pneumonia and H.pylori infection?

amoxicillin

what antibiotic is most appropriate for staphylococcal infection, impetigo and cellulitis?

flucloxacillin

what antibiotic is used for sinusitis, general infections and pneumonia?

co-amoxiclav

what is the first line macrolide (antibiotic) for resp/skin infection where there is a penicillin allergy?

erythromycin

what quinolone (antibiotic) can be used to treat Crohn's, acute diverticulitis, UTIs and resp/GI infections?

ciprofloxacin

what antimicrobial is used for anaerobic infections, including H. pylori and C.difficile?

metronidazole

what bisphosphonate is used to treat osteoporosis?

alendronate/alendronic acid

give some examples of beta blockers

atenolol, bisoprolol, propranolol

when are beta blockers commonly indicated?

hypertension, angina, arrhythmias

give some examples of diuretics

furosemide, bendroflumethiazide

give some examples of NSAIDs

Ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, aspirin

what immunosuppressant can be used in both severe active RA and organ/bone marrow transplantation?

ciclosporin

what opiate analgesic can be used to treat chronic pain not currently treated with a strong opioid analgesic?

diamorphine

what opiate analgesic is most commonly prescribed for pain (moderate to severe, postoperative etc)?

tramadol

What anticoagulant can be used in pregnancy?

Heparin/LMWH

What anticoagulant can be used for DVT/PE?

dalteparin

what effect does dobutamine have on the heart?

positive ionotropic effect - increases contractility and therefore stroke volume

what alpha blocker is used to treat BPH?

tamsulosin

what hormone is ethinylestradiol the man made form of?

oestrogen

name an anticholinergic bronchodilator

ipratropium

name some beta-2 agonist bronchodilators

salbutamol, salmeterol

name a common antidiarrhoeal

loperamide

What is metformin used for?

type 2 diabetes - lowers blood glucose

what antimetabolite is used to treat moderate to severe RA?

methotrexate

what antimuscarinic can be used to treat urinary symptoms (frequency/urgency/incontinence)?

oxybutynin

give some examples of ACE inhibitors

ramipril, enalapril, perindopril

When are ACE inhibitors indicated?

hypertension, symptomatic HF, prevention of CVD events in pts at risk/prophylaxis after MI

what kind of drug is rifampicin?

antimycobacterial

what kind of drug is rivaroxaban?

Factor Xa inhibitor
- Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)

what is suxamethonium?

neuromuscular blocker - for surgery and intubation (short duration)

what 4 drugs are used to treat TB?

isoniazid, rifampicin (6 months)
pyrazinamide, ethambutol (2 months)

which of the 4 drugs used to treat TB are for 6 months?

isoniazid and rifampicin

which of the 4 drugs used to treat TB are for the first 2/6 months only?

pyrazinamide and ethambutol

give some examples of AEDs

sodium valproate, carbemazepine, lamotrigine

what is a serious contraindication of sodium valproate?

teratogenic!!

which is faster acting, warfarin or heparin?

heparin (used in emergent situations like heart attack/stroke/PE - warfarin more for AF/clotting disorders)

what classes of drugs are commonly teratogenic?

AEDs, ACE-i (although relatively safe in 1st trimester), lithium

what do dopamine agonists have a risk of in terms of adverse effects?

impulse control/obsessive disorders (eg excessive gambling or hypersexuality)