Cause and Effect AP World History

Cause: The Mongols' superior military strategies and use of horse archery.

Effect: Mongol conquests created the largest contiguous land empire and re-established safety along the Silk Roads (Pax Mongolica).

Cause: The rise of Islamic states like the Delhi Sultanate and Mali Empire.

Effect: Spread of Islam through trade, conquest, and missionaries in South Asia and West Africa, blending with local cultures.

Cause: Improved transportation technologies like the camel saddle and caravans.

Effect: Expansion of trans-Saharan trade routes, especially in West Africa, boosting cities like Timbuktu and Gao.

Cause: Mongol control of much of Eurasia.

Effect: Revived Silk Road trade with safer and more efficient routes.

Cause: Expansion of empires and trade routes.

Effect: Spread of religions like Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism across regions (e.g., Islam in Southeast Asia, Buddhism in China via the Silk Roads).

Cause: Trade along the Silk Roads and Indian Ocean.

Effect: Transmission of scientific knowledge (e.g., Greco-Islamic medicine, math to Europe), and technologies like paper-making and gunpowder.

Cause: Increased interconnectedness and movement of people and goods.

Effect: Spread of the Black Death from China to Europe via trade routes, devastating populations and disrupting economies.

Cause: Growth of trade and regional stability.

Effect: Flourishing cities like Hangzhou (China), Samarkand (Central Asia), and Kilwa (East Africa), serving as commercial and cultural hubs.