HUN1201 Chapter 1 quiz

which nutrient source will yield more than 4 kcalories per gram?

a. animal carbs

b. plant carbs

c. plant fats

d. animal proteins

e. plant proteins

c. plant fats

The RDAs for nutrients are generally___.

designed to meet the needs of almost all healthy people

which nutrient is an organic compound?

a. water

b. iron

c. vitamin C

d. salt

e. calcium

c. vitamin C

in the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called a ____.

hypothesis

what is the AMDR for fat?

20-35%

the term organic, as related to compounds, would be best defined as ____.

substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

gram for gram, which class of nutrient provides the most energy?

fats

how does a double-blind experience work?

neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group

which nutrient is an example of a macronutrient?

proteins

which of the following is NOT required on food labels?

a health claim

which recommendation is part of the dietary guidelines for americans?

balance kcalories

which of the following would be a source of protein?

tofu

what is a feature of the nutrition facts panel on a food label?

saturated fat must be listed

what are the principles of diet planning?

adequacy

balance

kcalorie control

nutrient density

moderation

variety

the part of the grain that remains after being refined is the

endosperm

which of the following is required in the list of nutrients on a food label

calcium

which of the following nutrients provides a source of energy for the body

carbs

absorption occurs primarily in the __

small intensine

the primary mode of transportation for water is ___

simple diffusion

the primary mode of transportation for water soluble vitamins is ___

facilitated diffusion

the primary mode of transportation for glucose is ___

active transport

the primary mode of transportation for small lipids is ___

simple diffusion

what hormone triggers release of HCI into the stomach?

gastrin

what hormone triggers bile secretion into the small intestine?

CCK

what hormone triggers secretion of bicarbonate-rich juices into the small intestine?

secretin

all blood leaving the GI tract travels first to the ____.

liver

the muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract are called ___.

peristalsis

According to the _______, survival depends on body condition staying about the same.

principle of homeostasis

the _____ system is a cloed system of vessels through which blood flows.

vascular

live microbes that change the condition in the GI tract in ways that seem to benefit health are called ___.

probiotics

the main function of bile is to ___.

emulsify fats

The ____ system provides a one-way route from the tissue spaces to enter the blood.

lymphatic

the fingerlike projections on the small intestine that dramatically increase its surface area are called ___.

villi

lumen

space within a vessel such as the intestine

sphincter

circular muscle surrounding and able to close a body opening

gallbladder

organ that stores and concentrates bile

duodenum

top portion of the small intestine

one function of the gallbladder is to __.

store bile

what is the function of bile?

it emulsifies fats

fiber is absorbed in the small intestine. (t/f)

false

bile is produced by the ___.

liver

which part of the GI tract contains highly acidic digestive juices?

stomach

what is a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

it creates an optimum acidity

the gastrointestinal micro biome is comprised primarily of ___.

bacteria

what structure prevents reflux of stomach contents?

lower esophageal sphincter

what is the normal pH of gastric juice?

2

what is chyme?

a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices

what is the glycemic index of white rice?

high

what is the glycemic index of corn tortillas?

low

what is the glycemic index of apple juice?

low

what is the glycemic index of brown rice?

medium

glucose + glucose = (disaccharide)

maltose

glucose + fructose = (disaccharide)

sucrose

glucose + galactose = (disaccharide)

lactose

the mouth, pancreas, and ___ are the parts of the digestive system involved in digestion of carbs.

small intestine

when blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas secretes ___.

insulin

when the body is lacking glucose, fat fragments can combine to form ___.

ketone bodies

the making of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides is an example of ___.

condensation

a chain of ten monosaccharides linked together is called a ___.

polysaccharide

In order of lowest to highest fiber content:

bean sprouts, splenda, black-eyed peas, and whole-wheat toast

splenda

whole-wheat toast

bean sprouts

black-eyed peas

the storage form of glucose is ___.

glycogen

the chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is called ___.

hydrolysis

most carb digestion occurs in ____.

small intestine

what is the principle carb of milk?

lactose

what is the composition of sucrose?

one glucose and one fructose

what is the composition of lactose?

one glucose and one galactose

what is the recommended intake of dietary fiber?

14 grams per 1000 kcal

what is the primary storage form of carbs in the body?

glycogen

what type of nutrient is starch?

complex carb

in which of the following tissues is glycogen typically stored?

muscle and liver

when blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of store glucose?

glucagon

a triglyceride consists of three fatty acids attached to a ___.

glycerol

what type of lipid is solid at room temp?

saturated

what type of lipid is hydrogenated?

saturated

what type of lipid is liquid at room temp?

unsaturated

the cell membrane is made of _____ assembled into a lipid bilayer.

phospholipids

lipids that have a multiple ring structure are called ___.

sterols

___ emulsify fat whereas bile digests ___.

bile / lipases

chylomicrons are the largest and least dense lipoproteins that are produced in the ___.

small intestine

essential fatty acids

must be supplied by the diet

omega 6 fatty acid family

develops from linoleic acid

adipokines

hormones secreted by adipose tissue

eicosanoids

hormone-like compounds that have a localized effect

omega 3 fatty acid family

develop from linolenic acid

elevated ___ cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

LDL

the blood lipid profile reveals the concentration of various lipids in the blood. a desirable level of total cholesterol is ___.

<200mg/dL

what type of fat is in an avocado and canola oil?

monosaturated

what type of fat is in cheddar cheese and coconut oil?

saturated

lysine, valine, and methionine are ____ amino acids.

essential

cysteine is a ____ amino acid.

nonessential

in the stomach, hydrochloric acid denatures proteins and activates ___.

pepsin

transcription occurs in the ____ and translation occurs in the ___ .

nucleus / cytoplasm

most proteins are broken down into their amino acids ____ absorption in the small intestine.

before

like carbs and lipids, proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. however, they also contain ____ atoms.

nitrogen

___ are protein making machines and are composed of RNA and protein.

ribosomes

which protein provides strength and shape to skin?

structural protein

which protein inactivates foreign invaders?

antibody

which protein facilitates chemical reactions?

enzyme

the USDA food patterns sorts protein foods into three subgroups. the total recommended intake of seafood should be about ___.

20 percent

the part of the chemical structure that differentiates one amino acid from another is its ____.

side group