Neurons and the Nervous System

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to neurons and the nervous system from the lecture notes.

Schwann Cells

Cells that produce myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system.

Dendrocytes

Cells that contribute myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS).

Myelinated Neurons

Neurons that are faster due to the presence of myelin sheaths.

Nonmyelinated Neurons

Neurons that are slower because they lack myelin sheaths.

Action Potential

The electrical impulse that neurons use to communicate.

Resting Membrane Potential

The difference in charge across the neuron membrane at rest, typically around -70 millivolts.

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A transporter in neuron membranes that pumps 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell.

Reticular Formation

A network in the brainstem that regulates arousal and sleep.

Medulla Oblongata

A part of the brain responsible for involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Pons

A relay center in the brain that connects the medulla oblongata to higher brain areas.

Limbic System

Part of the brain involved in emotions and memory.

CNS (Central Nervous System)

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the nervous system outside of the central nervous system.

Excitable Cells

Cells, like neurons, that can generate an electrical response.

Delta Waves

Brain waves associated with deep sleep.

Insomnia

Difficulty in falling or staying asleep.

Narcotics

Animals that are active during the night and sleep during the day.