APWHM Ginnochio: Chapter 24 Test Terms to Know

National Socialist Party

Also known as the Nazi party; led by Adolf Hitler in Germany; picked up political support during the economic chaos of the Gread Depression; advocated authoritarian state under a single leader; aggressive foreign policy to reverse humiliation of the Versailles treaty; took power in Germany in 1933.

Adolf Hitler

Austrian-born Dictator of Germany, implemented Fascism and caused WWII and Holocaust.

Benito Mussolini

Fascist Dictator of Italy

Winston Churchill

British prime minister during WWII; responsible for British resistance to German air assaults.

Blitzkrieg

German term for lightning warfare; involved rapid movement of airplanes, tanks, and mechanized troop carriers; resulted in early German victories over Belgium, Holland, and France in World War II.

Vichy

French collaborationist government established in 1940 in southern France following defeat of French armies by the Germans.

Battle of Britain

The 1940 Nazi air offensive including saturation bombing of London and other British cities, countered by British innovative air tactics and radar tracking of German assault aircraft.

Holocaust

Term for Hitler's genocide of European Jews during World War II; resulted in deaths of 6 million Jews.

Battle of the Bulge

Hitler's last-ditch effort to repel the invading Allied armies in the winter of 1944-1945

Pearl Harbor

American Naval base in Hawaii; a surprise attack on the base by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941 resulted in the U.S. entering World War II.

Battle of the Coral Sea

World War II Pacific battle; United States and Japanese forces fought to a standoff.

Midway Island

World War II Pacific battle; decisive U.S. victory over powerful Japanese carrier force.

United Nations (UN)

International organization formed in the aftermath of World War II; included all of the victorious Allies; its primary mission was to provide a forum for negotiating disputes

Tehran Conference

Meeting among leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1943; agreed to the opening of a new front in France

Yalta Conference

Meeting among leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1945; agreed to Soviet entry into the Pacific war in return for possessions in Manchuria, organization of the United Nations; disputed the division of political organization in the eastern European states to be reestablished after the war.

Postdam Conference

Meeting among leaders of the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union just before the end of WW2 in 1945; Allies agreed upon Soviet domination in eastern Europe; Germany and Austria to be divided among victorious Allies.

German causes of WWII

Treaty of Versailles, Paris Peace Conference, reparations, loss of territory, war guilt, appeasement, Great Depression -> hyperinflation, fascism

Italian Causes of WWII

Treaty of Versailles, not as much territory as they hoped to gain from WWi, fascism

Japanese Causes of WWII

Militarizing wants a big Pacific empire, unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles

Pact of Steel

May 1939 - Italy and Germany; turned the Rome-Beline axis into a full-scale military and political alliance, an aggressive agreement

Tripartite Pact

Signed between the Axis powers in 1940 (Italy, Germany and Japan) where they pledged to help the others in the event of an attack by the US

Order of invaded countries in WWII

Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, France, Britain (doesn't fall)

Hitler promised:

Revenge, remilitarize, employment, make Germany great again, public works, Volkswagen, assigned industry.