small group case study

pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

molecules expressed by pathogens not found on mammalian ceells

viral RNA (ssRNA and dsRNA), bacterial LPS, microbial carbohydrates

examples of PAMPs

pattern recognition receptors (PRR)

specific rceptos on innatee immune cell that recognize PAMPs

Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMP)

mammilian cell components expressed upon cellular damage

heat shock proteins

example of DAMP

alternate and lectin

what complement systems are activated in response to S. aureus

opsonization and cytolysis, recruitment of inflammatory cells, elimination of invaders

key functions of complement system

cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6)

Activate endothelial cells to express selectins and synthesize chemokines

cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6)

activate resident immune cells and stimulate phagocytosis

cytokines (TNF-a, IL1, IL-6)

causes induction of fever through prostaglandin synthesis

IL-8 (CXCL8)

primary rercruiterr of neutrophils to sites of acute inflammation

MCP-1 (CCL2)

primary recruiterr of monocytes to sites of inflammation

prostaglandins

causes vascular permeability, fever, and hyperalgesia

prostaglandins and leukotrienes

arachidonic metabolites active in innate immunity

leukotrienes

arachidonic acid metabolite associated with allergic reaction and inflammation

macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells

which resident cells of innate immunity are the first to respond

macrophage

resident cell of innate immunity whos role is phagocytosis, ROS and NO, ANgiogenesis and fibrosis

mast cells

resident cell of innate immunity whos role is degranulation to release cytokines and amines

dendritic cells

resident cell of innate immunity whose role is to process and present antigens to T cells

neutrophils

first line of defense against invading pathogens

macrophage phagocytose orr become pus if in large numbers

what happens to dead neutrophils

increased vasodilation and vascular permeability

what causes swelling, redness and warmth at site of injury

TNF-1, IL-1, and IL-6 changin therrmal set pot and triggering acute phase response

what causes fever with shaking chills