Studied by 26 peopleWhy is it important to know the identity of the infectious agent
Itâs important to identify the agent type so you can best treat it
How do you identify the infectious agent
The way it grows, their morphology, and their ability to metabolize/digest
Morphology
Cell shape
Metabolize
Digestion
What is the first step in identifying the type of bacteria
Culture/grow bacteria
Normal flora
The normal bacteria that live in us
Pure cultures
Samples with one bacteria type
Petri dish
Clear plastic container
Colonies
Groups of bacteria
Agar
Gel used to grow bacteria
Isolation streak
A streak used to form isolated colonies
Binary fission
When a cell repeatedly divides to form millions of bacteria cells
What are the four forms of bacterial colonies
Circular, irregular, filamentous, and rhizoid
What are the five elevations of bacterial colonies
Raised, convex, flat, umbonate, and crateriform
What are the five margins of bacterial colonies
Entire, undulate, filiform, curled, and lobate
How do you determine colony size
Diameter
What are the three layers of protection for bacteria
Capsule, cell wall, and cell membrane
What do bacteria have in place of a nucleus
Nucleiod region and plasmid
What parts of bacteria are used for conjugation
Pili and plasmid
What is conjugation
The swapping of DNA in bacteria, used to make antibodies
What is used for movement in bacteria
Flagella
What makes proteins in bacteria
Ribosomes
What is the capsule
Itâs an outer protective cover
What is the cell wall
Peptidoglycan layer of the membrane
What is the function of the cell membrane
It determines what can enter and leave
What is the purpose of flagella
It helps bacteria move
What is the purpose of pili
It adheres to a surface or other bacteria (for conjugation)
What is the plasmid
Itâs a small ring of DNA that can be shared during conjugation for antibodies
What is the function of ribosomes
Theyâre used to make proteins
What is the nucleoid region
IT IS NOT A NUCLEUS, contains genetic material
Morphology
The study of the shapes of cells
What are the three shapes of bacteria
Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla
Cocci
Circular
Bacilli
Rod
Spirilla
Spiral
What are the arrangements of cocci
Individual, diplococci, strepto, tetrad, and staphylococcus
What are the arrangements of bacilli
Individual and strepto
What are the arrangements for spirilla
Only individual
How many groups do gram stains divide bacteria into
Two
How do gram stains differentiate cells
The composition of their cell wall
What is the cell wall made of
Peptidoglycan
What is peptidoglycan
A sugar and amino acid-rich substance
How do you determine the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer
Gram stain
Gram stain
applies dyes and reagents in a specific order to bacteria
Gram-positive
purple
Gram-negative
Pink
What is the thickness of a gram-negative bacteria
Thin
What is the thickness of a gram-positive bacteria
Thick
Which type of bacteria is more dangerous
Gram-negative
What do gram-negative bacteria have that gram-positive donât
Lipopolysaccharides and an outer membrane
What can lipopolysaccharides do
Have toxic effects and induce septic shock
What are the steps of Gram stain
Fixation, primary stain, iodine treatment, decolorization, and counter stain
What do you do in fixation
Run a microscope slide with bacteria on it over a flame
Why do you do fixation
So the bacteria stick to the slide
What do you do in a primary stain
Apply crystal violet
Why do you apply crystal violet
It will go stain the gram-positive bacteria but not the gram-negative
What do you do during iodine treatment
Apply iodine atop the crystal violet
Why do you apply iodine
It binds with the crystal violet so it stays better to create a crystal violet iodine complex
What do you do during decolorization
Apply ethyl alcohol
Why do you apply ethyl alcohol
It causes water to leave the cell and block the stain in gram-positive, and in gram-negative it dissolves the outer membrane, and the stain leaves
What do you do in counter-stain
Apply safranin
Why do you apply safranin
So the gram-negative is stained pink and you canât see it in gram-positive
Journal articles
A collection of academic/technical articles written by experts
Conferences
Events designed for professionals to share ideas, explore products, and interact with others in their field
Press releases
Quick delivery of news to the public to deliver information
Press conferences
Quick delivery of news to the public and a place to answer questions
TV, Radio, Print
Various outlets prove information to the general public
Social Media
Quickly share information through different communication apps
Educational Materials
Pamphlets/flyers at a doctorsâ office about a specific disease, disorder, injury, or treatment option
Peer-Reviewed
An article that was evaluated by a board of peers
Abstract
Summary of a scientific journal at the beginning
Morbidity
The rate of a disease within a population
Mortality
The number of deaths over a period of time
Note
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