WORLD HISTORY FINAL

topics 11, 12A, and 12B

Differentiate Latin American authors from those in the US

They are much more involved in politics and influential in society

Who was Nelson Mandela?

first Black president of South Africa during the first democratic election where all members of society were eligible to vote regardless of skin color

What was the last European nation to allow their colonies to have independence?

Portugal

What took place in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Cold War?

civil war between communist and democratic factions

Who gave aid to the communist faction in Angola?

Fidel Castro

Both Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo experienced civil war between _ during the Cold War

communist and democratic factions

The US practiced ___ in Latin America more than any other country after Latin American countries became independent

neocolonialism

___ continue to wreak havoc on the current political and economic life of Mexico

drug lords

Argentinian dictators approved the creation of _ that fought a "dirty war" against suspected subversives

death squads

Between _ people disappeared from Argentina between 1976 and 1983 because of death squads

six thousand and twenty-three thousand

What Latin American country became the last to incorporate women into the political process?

Paraguay

Who opened Chinese society to global trade, which led to dramatic economic growth?

Deng Xiaoping

What did Deng Xiaoping do to Tiananmen Square demonstrators?

cracked down on the demonstration with the full force of the Communist government, using tanks and military

What has China maintained until present day?

a communist government with total political control and a global market

What has India maintained since gaining independence from Great Britain?

a democratic government

Who led the Green Revolution in India?

Indira Ghandi

What group did not benefit from the Green Revolution and sunk deeper into poverty during this time?

peasant-farmers

Indira Ghandi enforced _ that led to huge riots

oppressive birth control policies

What group wanted greater autonomy in the Punjab region?

the Sikhs

What were the 4 BRIC nations?

Brazil, Russia, India, and China

What was China's main contribution to BRICs?

leading global supplier of manufactured goods

What was Brazil and Russia's main contribution to BRICs?

supplying raw materials

After Mao Zedong, there was a shift towards _ when China opened for global trade

capitalist market

What happened to China in 2010?

overtook Japan as the 2nd largest world market

Who was critical in creating normal relations between the US and China?

President Nixon

What is the largest communist country in the world today?

China

Who is the current leader of China?

Xi Jinping

Major European countries lost _ between the end of World War II and the mid 1970s

nearly all of their colonies

What other global process began to take place during the Cold War?

decolonization

Who was the founder of the communist party in Vietnam?

Ho Chi Minh

What was one of Ho Chi Minh's biggest accomplishments?

defeating Japan and pushing them out of their occupation of Vietnam

The French were ___ at the Dien Bien Phu battle against Vietnam

defeated

After their defeat, the French ___

pulled out of Vietnam

North Vietnam was controlled by

communists

South Vietnam was controlled by

non-communists

What nations backed North Vietnam in the Vietnam War?

the Soviet Union and China

What nations backed South Vietnam in the Vietnam War?

the United States

Who else did the United States support in Vietnam?

the French

Who was the largest supplier of aid to North Vietnam?

the Soviet Union

Why did South Vietnam lose the Vietnam War?

violation of the Geneva Convention terms

What is the largest Latin American nation in population and size?

Brazil

What is the largest Spanish-speaking country in Latin America by population?

Mexico

What is the largest Spanish-speaking country in Latin America by geographic size?

Argentina

How many landlocked countries are there in Central America? What are they?

there aren't any

How many landlocked countries are there in South America? What are they?

2, Paraguay and Bolivia

What is the only Central American country that doesn't border the Pacific Ocean? This is also the only Central American country whose official language is English

Belize

What is the only country in Central American that does not border the Atlantic Ocean?

El Salvador

What is the largest river in the Western hemisphere, which carries the most water in the world?

the Amazon river

What are the largest mountains in the Western Hemisphere?

the Andes Mountains

What is the driest nonpolar desert?

Atacama Desert

Who is the US President responsible for building the Panama Canal?

President Roosevelt

How many locks does the Panama canal have?

3

How many locks does the Suez canal have?

0

What is neocolonialism?

foreign economic domination, as well as military and political intervention, in states that already achieved independence

occurred in Latin America and Africa due to the Great Depression

high unemployment rates

Who is responsible for introducing industrialization and social welfare to Brazil?

Getulio Vargas

President Taft's strategy for diplomacy with Latin America was called __

Dollars for Bullets

What was "dollar diplomacy"?

the United States developing foreign markets in Latin American countries to avoid military intervention

What did FDR's "good neighbor policy" do?

eliminated neocolonialism

Who led a guerrilla movement against US imperialism?

Augusto Sandino in Nicaragua

Somoza provided aid to Guatemalan rebels who were in the process of overthrowing a _ in Guatemala

communist-inspired government

What was the name of the CIA trained counterrevolutionary group dedicated to overthrowing the Sandinistas in Nicaragua?

contras

cholera

a disease associated with acute diarrheal illness as well as inadequate water treatment, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene; it is best treated by quickly replacing the fluids and salts lost by diarrhea and has been eliminated in the US

type 2 diabetes

measured by A1C, diet and exercise help lower blood glucose levels, obesity often causes and exacerbates this disease, it is prevalent in more than 10% of US adults

malaria

associated with the Anopheles mosquito, no cure or vaccine, treated with chloroquine combined with other drugs

measles

significant cause of death among children worldwide, 9/10 infection rate for those unvaccinated, get your MMR vaccine!

smallpox

greatest lethality among people in the Western Hemisphere and Oceania, Edward Jenner created the cowpox vaccine, eliminated all smallpox around the world

tuberculosis

infects around 1/3 of the world's population but is mostly latent and can be passed on without causing harm, caused by mycobacterium

___ advocated a separate country for Indian Muslims

Jinnah

Ghandi wanted India to be __

united

What nation was created for Indian Muslims?

Pakistan

What decade was African colonialism free of European colonialism?

1960s

What was the most influential association dedicated to the struggle against British rule?

the Indian National Congress

What is ahimisa?

nonviolence

What is satyagraha?

passive resistance

Ghandi achieved the stature of a political and spiritual leader, a Mahatma, which means _

great soul

What led to the Nonaligned Movement which had as its primary goal the maintenance of formal neutrality?

the Bandung Conference

Who ended the Qing dynasty?

Sun Yat-Sen

Sun Yat-sen was opposed to a communist revolution and wanted__________ to continue to rule China

the Nationalist Party (Guomindang)

Who took over the Nationalist Party (Guomindang) after Sun Yat-sen's death (1925) and ended the alliance between the Nationalist Party and the Communists by attacking the Communists?

Chiang Kai-shek

What was the Long March?

the Communists' journey to the north of China after the Nationalist Party attacked

Who emerged as the leader of the communist party after the Long March?

Mao Zedong

Who won the Chinese Civil War?

the communists

Where did the Nationalists go after losing the war?

Taiwan

the new Chinese government introduced its first _ to encourage rapid industrialization and the collectivization of agriculture on the Soviet model

five-year plan

The Soviet Union did not support China's claim to areas of _ that were being disputed with India

Tibet

What was it called when Mao Zedong collectivized all land and nationalized all businesses in China, resulting in mass starvation in China?

the Great Leap Forward

The _ was designed to root out foreign, bourgeois, or anticommunist values in Chinese life

cultural revolution

The Cultural Revolution cost China years of stable development, gutted its educational system, and remained undiminished until the death of Mao Zedong; true or false?

true

Today Vietnam remains a united _ nation

Communist