2.9

Whats the structure of an amino acid, including the function groups?

How do amnio acids react together to form a polypeptide?

Through a condensation reaction where the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of other amino acid. in those process a water molecule is removed and a peptide bond is formed between the carbon of the carboxyl group and the nitrogen of the amnio acid group. this process repeats framing a long chain which is the polypeptide

what is the definition of the primary structure of a protein?

a sequence of amnio acids joined together by peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain

How does the secondary structure of a protein form from the primary structure?

hydrogen bonds form between the C=O OR N-H groups forming either an alpha helix or beta pleated sheets.

What is an alpha helix?

polypeptide chain that coils into a spiral shape

whats a beta pleated sheet?

Polypeptide chain that folds back into a spiral shape

How does the tertiary structure of a protein form from the secondary structure?

Ionic/Covalent/disulfate bonds form between the R groups causing the protein to follow into its 3D shape

how does the primary structure determine the functional shape of the protein?

the sequence of amnio acids in the primary structure determines the order of R groups and this determines where ionic/covalent/disulphide form in the tertiary structure which governs the 3D structure. a change in the amino acids R group therefore can change the tertiary structure and 3D shape 

What is  the structure of a globular protein (haemoglobin)?

Quaternary structure as there are4 polypeptide chains. soluble globular protein as the hydrophilic R group as facing outwards.

How does the structure of a globular protein determines its function and properties?

by using its specific 3D shape to interact with other molecules. Its compact, roughly spherical shape allows for water solubility, enabling transport within organisms, while the precise arrangement of amino acid side chains creates specific binding sites for functions like enzyme catalysis, signal transduction, or transport of other molecules. The internal folding places hydrophobic amino acids away from water and hydrophilic ones on the surface, creating a stable, soluble structure. 

Describe the structure of a fibrous protein(collagen)?

3 alpha chains wound round each other forming a triple helix with covalent cross linkages connect multiple molecules 

How does the structure of a fibrous protein determines its function and properties?

Insoluble fibrous proteins as the hydrophobic R groups are facing outwards. Also provides structural support used in tendons , cartilage, ligaments,bones,teeth,outer walls of blood vessels.