Ankle and Foot- Chapter 20

Functions of the ankle

Shock absorption
Adapts to the ground
Provides a stable base of support

Plantarflexion and Dorsiflexion moves around what plane and axis?

Sagittal plane around the frontal axis

Inversion and Eversion moves around what plane and axis?

Frontal plane around sagittal axis

Adduction and Abduction occurs in what plane?

In the transverse plane

Supination of the foot uses muscles for what other motions?

Plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction

Pronation of the foot uses muscles for what other motions?

Dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction

The talocrural joint is also known as what kind of joint?

Tenon and mortise joint.

This joint is involved in a majority of foot motion

The ankle is involved with _____ planes of motion

Three, it is triplanar

Open chain activities of the ankle:

Foot abducts in dorsiflexion
Foot adducts during plantar flexion

Closed chain activities of the foot:

In plantar flexion, leg laterally rotates on foot
Foot adducts in dorsiflexion
Foot abducts in plantar flextion

Three arches of the foot

Medial longitudinal- Medial border of foot
Lateral longitudinal- involves calcaneus cuboid, metatarsal
Transverse- moves around the three cuneiforms

Arches are maintained by

Shape of the mones
Plantar ligaments
muscles

Extrinsic muscles of the ankle have:

proximal attachments on the femur, tibia, or fibula
Vertical lines of pull, but the foot acts as a pulley

Extrinsic muscles of the lower extremity

Anterior: Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus

Lateral: Fibularis longus, brevus, and tertius