TAMU BIOL 319 - Lab 5 and AOI

Parallel muscle

muscle fascicles are parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle and terminate in flat tendons on both sides (ex. sternohyoid)

Fusiform muscle

muscle fascicles are nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the muscle; the belly is narrowed toward the tendons (ex. biceps brachii)

Circular muscle

muscle fascicles are arranged in concentric form (ex. orbicularis)

Triangular muscle

muscle fascicles spread in a triangular appearance (ex. trapezius)

Unipennate muscle

muscle fascicles are arranged on only one side of tendon (ex. extensor digitorum longus)

Bipennate muscle

Muscle fascicles are arranged on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon (ex. rectus femoris)

Multipennate muscle

muscle fascicles are attached obliquely to the tendons from many directions (ex. deltoid)

muscles that are specific to the cat:

xiphihumeralis, pectorantebrachialis, clavobrachialis

Cat muscles that correspond with a human muscle:

BEEP; brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, pronator teres

Muscles in muscles crossing shoulder joints group

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid

Muscles in posterior thorax group

Trapezius

Muscles in Anterior thorax group

Pectoralis minor

Muscles in Anterior and Lateral Abdominal wall group

External oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis

Muscles in anterior forearm group

Brachioradialis

Muscles in anterior superficial forearm group

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

Muscles in posterior superficial forearm group

Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris

Muscles in anterior deep forearm group

flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus

Muscles in posterior deep forearm group

Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, supinator

Muscles in thenar of thumb group

Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, adductor pollicis

Muscles in hypothenar of thumb group

Opponens digiti minimi

Muscles in midpalmar group

Lumbricals of the hand, palmar interossei of the hand, dorsal interossei of the hand

action of pectoralis major

(FAME) Adduction of arm; medial rotation of arm; flexion of arm; extension of arm (from flexed position)

origin of pectoralis major

clavicle (medial part); sternum, costal cartilages 1-6; and aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle

insertion of pectoralis major

Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

action of latissimus dorsi

(AEM) Adduction of arm; extension of arm; medial rotation of arm

origin of latissimus dorsi

Sacral and lumbar spines; iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia; ribs (lower four); spinous processes of T6-12 vertebrae; scapula (inferior angle)

insertion of latissimus dorsi

Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

action of deltoid

flexion and medial rotation of arm; abduction; extension and lateral rotation or arm

origin of deltoid

lateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

insertion of deltoid

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

action of trapezius

elevation, adduction, depression, and superior rotation of scapula

origin of trapezius

Occipital bone (superior nuchal line); ligamentum nuchae; spinous processes of C7-T12

insertion of trapezius

Clavicle (lateral); scapula (spine and acromion)

action of pectoralis minor

(SAL) stabilizes, abducts, and laterally rotates scapula

origin of pectoralis minor

ribs 3-5

insertion of pectorialis minor

scapula (coracoid process)

action of external oblique

rotation and flexion of trunk; compression of abdominal wall and viscera

origin of external oblique

Ribs and coastal cartilages of ribs 5-12

insertion of external oblique

iliac crest and linea alba

action of internal oblique

rotation and flexion of trunk; compression of the abdominal wall and viscera

origin of internal oblique

inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

insertion of internal oblique

linea alba, costal cartilages 7-10

action of transverse abdominis

compression abdomen wall and viscera

origin of transverse abdominis

Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, and costal cartilages 7-12

insertion of transverse abdominis

pubis; linea alba; xiphoid process of sternum

action of brachioradialis

flexion of forearm; pronation of forearm (when supinated); supination of forearm (when pronated)

origin of brachioradialis

lateral distal shaft of humerus

insertion of brachioradialis

styloid process of radius

action of pronator teres

pronation of forearm

origin of pronator teres

medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

insertion of pronator teres

lateral mid-shaft of radius

action of flexor carpi radialis

flexion of wrist and abduction of hand

origin of flexor carpi radialis

medial epicondyle of humerus

insertion of flexor carpi radialis

base of metacarpals II and III

action of palmaris longus

Flexion of wrist (weak)

Tense palmar aponeurosis

origin of palmaris longus

medial epicondyle of humerus

insertion of palmaris longus

palmar aponeurosis

action of flexor carpi ulnaris

flexion of wrist; adduction of hand

origin of flexor carpi ulnaris

medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process and posterior border of ulna

insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris

pisiform and hamate carpals bones; base of Metacarpal V

action of extensor carpi radialis longus

extension of wrist; abduction of hand

origin of extensor carpi radialis longus

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus

base of Metacarpal II

action of extensor carpi radialis brevis

extension of wrist; abduction of hand

origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis

lateral epicondyle of humerus

insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis

base of Metacarpal III

action of extensor digitorum

extension of finger 2-5; extension of wrist

origin of extensor digitorum

lateral epicondyle of humerus

insertion of extensor digitorum

middle and distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

action of extensor carpi ulnaris

extension of wrist; adduction of hand

origin of extensor carpi ulnaris

lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior shaft of ulna

insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris

base of Metacarpal V

action of flexor pollicis longus

flexion of thumb

origin of flexor pollicis longus

Anterior, mid-shaft of the radius, interosseous membrane, and coronoid process of the ulna

insertion of flexor pollicis longus

distal phalanx of thumb

action of flexor digitorum profundus

flexion of fingers 2-5; flexion of wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints

origin of flexor digitorum profundus

Ulna (proximal anterior shaft); interosseous membrane

insertion of flexor digitorum profundus

distal phalanges of digits 2-5

action of abductor pollicis longus

extension and abduction of the thumb

origin of abductor pollicis longus

Radius and ulna (both proximal posterior); interosseous membrane

insertion of abductor pollicis longus

base of Metacarpal I

action of extensor pollicis longus

extension of thumb

origin of extensor pollicis longus

Ulna (posterior mid-shaft); interosseous membrane

insertion of extensor pollicis longus

distal phalanx of thumb

action of supinator

supination of forearm

origin of supinator

ulna (posterior proximal shaft); lateral epicondyle of humerus

insertion of supinator

radius (lateral proximal shaft)

action of abductor pollicis brevis

abduction of thumb

origin of abductor pollicis brevis

scaphoid, trapezium; flexor retinaculum

insertion of abductor pollicis brevis

proximal phalanx of thumb (lateral side)

action of flexor pollicis brevis

flexion of thumb

origin of flexor pollicis brevis

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and flexor retinaculum

insertion of flexor pollicis brevis

Proximal phalanx of thumb (lateral side)

action of opponens pollicis

opposition of thumb

origin of opponens pollicis

trapezium; flexor retinaculum

insertion of opponens pollicis

Shaft of Metacarpal I

action of adductor pollicis

adduction of thumb

origin of adductor pollicis

capitate; metacarpals II-III

insertion of adductor pollicis

proximal phalanx of thumb

action of opponens digiti minimi

opposition of the little finger