Psychological Disorders Lecture Notes

Flashcards summarizing key terms and definitions related to psychological disorders from lecture notes.

Deviance

Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that significantly deviate from what is considered normal or typical within a specific culture or society.

DSM-5

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published in 2013, which categorizes psychological disorders and provides diagnostic criteria.

Comorbidity

The co-occurrence of two or more disorders in the same individual.

Psychopathology

The study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, causes (etiology), and treatment.

Distress

The experience of significant personal suffering or emotional pain.

Dysfunction

The inability of an individual’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to allow them to function effectively in daily life.

Danger

Behaviors that pose a risk of harm to oneself or others.

Insanity

A legal term used to describe a mental illness that prevents a person from fully understanding their actions.

Diathesis-stress model

A model that integrates biological and psychosocial factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder based on the interaction of predisposition and environmental stress.

Cognitive theories of depression

Theories that suggest depression is triggered by negative thoughts, interpretations, and self-evaluations.

Panic attack

A period of extreme fear or discomfort that develops abruptly and reaches a peak within 10 minutes.

Social anxiety disorder

A mental health condition characterized by intense fear of social situations and being negatively judged by others.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that an individual feels compelled to perform.

Body dysmorphic disorder

A disorder involving preoccupation with a perceived flaw in appearance that is either nonexistent or barely noticeable.

Hoarding disorder

A disorder characterized by persistent difficulty discarding possessions, leading to clutter that impedes living spaces and causes distress.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A disorder that can develop after exposure to a traumatic event, characterized by intrusive memories, avoidance, negative mood, and hyperarousal.

Mood disorders

Disorders characterized by severe disturbances in mood and emotions, such as depression and mania.

Eating disorders

Disorders characterized by unhealthy eating behaviors, such as anorexia nervosa (self-starvation) and bulimia nervosa (bingeing and purging).

Personality disorders

Enduring patterns of behavior and inner experience that are markedly deviated from cultural expectations, leading to distress or impairment.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of disregard for the rights of others, impulsivity, and often a history of legal problems.