back study set

• Trapezius

• Origin: nuchal line, occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T12

• Insertion: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

• Innervation: spinal accessory nerve XI

• Movement: elevate and depresses scapula, retraction

only muscle for cranial nerve

• Latissimus Dorsi

• Origin: spines from T7 to sacrum, iliac crest, lower ribs

• Insertion: intertubecular groove humerus

• Nerve Supply: thoracodorsal nerve, posterior cord of brachial plexus

• Action: extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

• Splenius Capitis

• Origin: Nuchal ligament and spinus processes of C7-T4

• Insertion: mastoid process and superior nuchal line

• Nerve supply: Posterior rami of spinal nerves

• Action: Laterally flex and rotate the head (unilaterally); extend the head and neck (bilaterally)

• Splenius Cervicis

• Origin: Spinus processes of T3-T6

• Insertion: Transverse Processes of C1-C3

• Nerve supply: Posterior rami of spinal nerves

• Action: Laterally flex and rotate the head (unilaterally); extend the head and neck (bilaterally)

• Levator Scapulae

• Origin: transverse processes C1-4

• Insertion: medial border of scapula

• Nerve supply: 3^rd and 4^th cervical nerves and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

• Action: elevates the scapula

• Rhomboid Major

• Origin: spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae T2-T5 and the supraspinous ligament

• Insertion: onto the medial border of the scapula, between the spine of the scapula and the inferior angle

• Nerve supply: Dorsal Scapular nerve.

• Action: Retraction and rotation of the scapula

• Rhomboid Minor

• Origin: nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of the seventh cervical (C7) and first thoracic (T1) vertebrae

• Insertion: the medial border of the scapula, specifically at the base of the spine of the scapula

• Nerve supply: Dorsal Scapular nerve.

• Action: Retraction and rotation of the scapula

• Triangle of Auscultation

• medially= trapezius

• Superiorly = rhomboid major

• Inferiorly = latissimus dorsi

• Floor = thoracic wall

• Serratus Posterior Superior

• Origin: ligamentum nuchae, C7, T1-3 spines

• Insertion: ribs 2-5

• Action: elevates ribs (i.e. an inspiratory muscle)

• Nerve supply: intercostal nerves

helps breathe in

• Serratus Posterior Inferior

• Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, T11-12, L1-2 spines

• Insertion: ribs 9-12

• Action: depresses ribs (i.e. an expiratory muscle)

• Nerve supply: intercostal nerves

helps breathe out

What is the transversospinalis made of?

semisphinalis

multifidus

rotatores

Deepest muscles in the Deep back

interspinales

intertransversarii

iliocostalis (erector spinae) I Love Sex muscles

• Origin: iliac crest, sacrum

• Insertion: angles of ribs

• Innervation: spinal nerves C4-S5

• Action: extends and laterally bends trunk and neck

Longissimus (Erector Spinae) I Love Sex muscles

• Origin: transverse processes of inferior vertebrae

• Insertion: transverse processes of superior vertebrae; mastoid process

• Innervation: spinal nerves C1-S1

• Action: extends, laterally bends trunk, neck and head

Spinalis (Erector Spinae) I Love Sex muscles

• Origin: spinous processes of inferior vertebrae

• Insertion: spinous processes of superior vertebrae, base of skull

• Innervation: spinal nerves C2-L3

• Action: extends and laterally bends trunk and neck

Quadratus Lumborum (QL)

• Origin: Iliac Crest

• Insertion: Transverse Processes of L 1-5 and lower part of 12^th rib

• Innervation: 12^th thoracic n. and spinal rami of lumbar spinal nerves

• Action: Extensor of lumbar spine, stabilization, lateral pelvic tilt, inspiratory accessory muscle

skull

22 bones

• Ligamentum nuchae

• Occipital protuberance, spine of C7,

• attaches to the dura (thick covering of the brain)

• allows for recoil to protect muscle

spinal column

33 vertebrae

how many cervical vertebrae

7

how many thoracic vertebrae

12

how many lumber vertebrae

5

how many sacral vertebrae

5

bones are fused

how many coccygeal vertebrae

4

how are vertebrae separated

intervertebral disc

C1 Atlas

does not have a body or a spinous process

• flat

Responsible for: rotation, flexion, extension of head

C2 axis

strongest cervical vertebrae

upward projection (need 2 go in)

Responsible for: rotation, flexion, extension of head

how many processes does the spinous have

1

how many processes does the transverse have

2

cervical vertebrae

body is small and rectangular

• foramen are long and triangular

C7 (longer spinous process)-

only one with no bifib… bottom split in 2

sacral vertebrae

5 fused vertebrae

forms the scrap canal

coccyx vertebrae

4 fused vertebrae

forms a small triangular bone

anterior ligaments

strong

posterior ligaments

weak

lordosis (curves of spine)

lower back caved in

butt perched up

• secondary curves

kyphosis (curves of back)

hunchback

• primary curves

spinal nerves

transmits info from the spinal cord to the periphery

efferent signals (spinal nerves)

motor

• exit the body

ex: exercising

afferent signals (spinal nerves)

sensory

• enter the body

ex: smelling something

dorsal roots carry what type if signals

efferent- motor

ventral roots carry what type of signal

afferent- sensory

Dorsal rami

branches from spinal nerves

C1- C6

neck flexors

C1- T1

neck extensors

C3, C4, C5

supply diaphragm

C5, C6

move shoulder, raise arm, flex elbow

C6

externally rotate the arm

C6, C7

-extend the elbow and wrist

-pronate wrist

C7, C8

• flex wrist,

• supply small muscles of the hand

T1- T6

intercostals and trunk above the waist

T7- L1

abdominal muscles

L1- L4

flex thigh

L2, L3, L4

adduct thigh

extend leg at the knee

L4, L5, S1

abduct thigh

flex leg at knee

dorsiflex foot

extend toes