English Study Guide for Midterm 2022-2023

Bishop Kenny Mrs. Mark

Archetype

Pattern found in works of literature across different cultures and time periods

Simile

Figure of speech that compares 2 things using “like” or “as”

Metaphor

Figure of speech that compares 2 unlike things that have something important in common

Personification

Inanimate object, abstract idea, or animal is given human abilities at characteristics

Dramatic Irony

When the audience or reader knows more than the characters in a work of literature

Situational Irony

Sharp contrast between the result of a situational and what was expected

Verbal Irony

What is said is actually the opposite of what is really meant

Foreshadowing

Hint or clue suggests on event that will occur later in the story

Symbolism

Literature where a person, place, object, or an activity table for something beyond itself

Parallelism

Where two ideas in a story are compared

Theme

Message about life or human that the writer shares with the reader: central insight

Hubris

Character that has “story pride”

What are the characteristics of an epic hero archetype?

Superhuman qualities, courage and cunning, nobility, flawed, and undergoes growth

What are the characteristics of an epic poem

• begins in medias res

• Uses epithets

• Quest through vast lands

• Archetypes

• Divine intervention

• Epic hero present

What is the overall message of Jospeh Campbell’s “Hero Journey”?

In order to become a great hero, you will go through steps that will affect his/her fate

How did the Sumerians influence literature?

They wrote humanity’s oldest system of writing and sparked the beginning of literature

Why is EOG historically significant

It’s the oldest written piece of literature in history and provides us with valuable info on the Mesopotamian culture

Who was Gilgamesh?

Good ruler that had a flaw of being arrogent

Who was Enikdu?

Person sent from gods to kill Gilgamesh but ends up becoming best friends with him

Who was Utnapistim?

Escaped death because Enlil overreacted and killed many people so Enlil gave Uthapistim immortality

What is the overall plot of EOG

Gilgamesh takes on a quest of immortality because his best friend, Enkidu, passes from a curse casted by the gods. He travels to the city of Uruk and goes through many challenges to find U. and ask how to get immortality

How does Gilgamesh fit into the Epic Hero archetype?

He has superhuman qualities, flawed, and undergoes changes

Why does Utnapistim tell Gilgamesh the flood story?

That is what gave him immortality

What is the theme of EOG?

• meaning of life

• Relationships and friendships

• Mortality and immortality

What set the Ancient Hebrew’s apart from other civilizations?

They were monotheists and the Sumerians were polytheists

What is the overall plot of The Biblical Flood

God has seen how corrupted the world was so he casts a flood and tells 1 person to pass the news. The man gets all the animals in a big Ark and this lasts for 40 days and 40 nights. In the end, they found land and made a new home

R&S was one story in a larger book. What was it called?

The Epic of Kings

Who were the main characters found in R&S

Rostam and Sohrab

What is the overall plot of R&S?

Sohrab asks who his dad is and his mom tells him that it’s Rostam. Sohrab goes into war to find Rostam but ends up getting killed by his dad

What are the main themes of R&S

• relentless quest for glory → leads to tragedy

• Anger and pride can bring out a man’s downfall

What is the overall plot of the lliad?

It is during the Trojan war when Ag. and Achilles have an argument and end up getting their battles together and try to fight

What is the main theme of the llaid?

• war and mortality. When hector angered Achilles and they both fought to the death, Hector died

How does Achilles embody the archetype of an epic hero?

He undergoes change and becomes merciful towards the end

What is an epithet? Provide two examples

Nickname given to a person

→ Grey eyed : Athena

→ High Commander : Agamemnon

What is divine intervention? Provide two examples

When the gods help a human

• When Achilles dropped his spear and Athena picked it up for him

• Hector asked Apollo to give him strength and speed

What is hamartia? What is Oedipus’ hamartia?

When you make a wrong choice of judgement. When O. saw the men on the road, he killed him instead of leaving them alone

what is the role of the chorus in Ancient Greek Theater

Chorus gives advice and comments about the story

What is the overall plot of Oedipus Rex

King Laius is murdered and Apollo cursed the land and won’t stop until Laius’ murder is caught. O. finds out it was him and he’s sleeping with his mother. He blinds himself after Jocasta finds out his prophets and kills herself

What are two instances of symbolism found in Oedipus Rex?

Crossroads and swollen feet

Who developed the concept of Ethos, Pathos, and Logos

Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist who made EPL

Give an example of Ethos

“I recommend Cleanser by Doja Cat” - Dr. Alexander Smith

Give an example of Pathos

“Open a coke, open happiness” - Coke Commercial

Give an example of Logos

“Attractively priced thousands less than the BMW 3 series” - Car Ad

Name each step of the ICED breakdown to writing a paragraph

I introduce the topic

C clarify and explain the idea

E evidence

D finishing up the paragraph

What is the proper structure of the introduction in a 5 paragraph essay

To give us a hooker and get us intrigued then give us 3 piece of info, and then the thesis

What is the proper structure of body paragraph in a 5 paragraph essay

Explaining the 3 pieces of evidence in the thesis

What is the proper structure of the conclusion paragraph in a 5 paragraph essay

Restate the thesis end off with a kicker

Provide a proper MLA in text citation for llaid page 117

(Homer, 117)

How do you properly blend a quote

• keeping the quote under 9 words

• Quote at the end of the sentence

• Using evidence before the quote to make it sound better

List how to properly format a document in MLA style

• Times New Roman

• 12 pt.

• Double spaced

• Title in the middle