Inate Immunity Second Line

What does blood consist of

Plasma and Formed elements

What type of cells are in blood and what is most important for the second line of defense

Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes; Leukocytes are the most important as they are the white blood cells

What two groups can leukocytes be divided into

Myeloid And Lymphoid Stem cells

Three types of granulocytes

Neutrophils: Elimination of extracellular bacteria

Eosinophils: Defense against parasitic things

Basophils: Releases substances important for allergic responses

Three types of agranulocytes

Monocyte: Responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens

Dendritic Cell: Have pattern recognition to identify pathogens

Mast Cell: Helps with allergic responses, Phagocytic, and mature after exiting the blood stream

What granulocytes/agranulocytes are involved in the second line of defense

Basophils, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Mast cells, Dendritic cells, Monocytes

What are NK target cells and how do they kill them

Virus and cancer cells; They recognize the cell than use perforin to create pores in the cell. Then Granzymes enter the cell and kills it

What do the chemical release by damaged cell at the site of an injury do

It causes Vasodilation and thus inflammation

What are five signs of inflammation

Redness, heat, Edema, Pain, and the possible loss of function

What is the order of phagocytosis

Chemotaxis (the drawness of a cell to the chemicals released)

Recognition and attachment

Engulfment

Phagosome Maturation (The phagocyte fuses with the lysosome)

Digestion

Exotcytosis

What is pus and why does it form

Dead cells, digested microbes, and waste; To get rid of bad stuff in the body

If the second line of defense is a success, what happens

Tissue repair

Acute inflammation v Chronic Inflammation

Short time, then resolution; usually cuts v Long term, not usually resolved without medical intervention; Hepatitis

What type of response if a fever

Local response

What is a pyrogen

Chemical that alter the thermostatic setting of the hypothalamus

Why is a fever an effective defense mechanism against infection

The increase in temp triggers leukocytes to kill pathogens

PAMPs v PRRs

A way to recognize what pathogens are which v What detects it