Inflammation Treatment (Corticosteroids and Monoclonal antibodies)

Which three pathways do corticosteroids target to reduce inflammation?

Inhibit the production of NFκB

Inhibit Phospholipase A2

Formation of anti-inflammatory gene expression and Annexin A1

Give the common symptoms that occur when taking corticosteroids (HIGGGH HOMIE)

Hypertension, immunosuppression, glaucoma, go crazy, growth retardation, hair growth, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, increased appetite, and edema

Corticosteroids inhibit phospholipase A2. What effect does this have on inflammatory pathways?

It prevents the formation of arachidonic acid, thereby blocking the COX, LOX, and epoxygenase pathways

What drugs are used to stop the Epoxygenase pathway?

None

What drugs are used to stop the COX pathway?

NSAIDs: block COX-1 and COX-2 activity

Pan-NSAIDs: block COX-1 and COX-2 activity

Selective COX-2 inhibitors: block COX-2 activity

Pan-NSAIDs

Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Aspirin

Selective COX-2 inhibitors

Celecoxib and Etoricoxib

What drugs are used to stop the LOX pathway?

5-LOX inhibitors that block leukotriene production and Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) that stop leukotriene activity

5-LOX inhibitors

Zileuton

LTRAs

Montelukast and Zafirlukast

What are the five targets of monoclonal antibodies that help reduce inflammation?

Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1B, TNF-alpha, IL-6, CXCL8, IL-12)

JAK proteins

Integrins used by T cells (prevent diapedesis)

Cytokines made by TH2

Cytokines made by TH17

What drug acts as an antagonist for the pro-inflammatory cytokine receptor of IL-1?

Anakinra

What monoclonal antibody targets the pro-inflammatory cytokine: TNF-alpha?

Adalimumab

What monoclonal antibody acts as an antagonist for the pro-inflammatory cytokine receptor of IL-6?

Tocilizumab

What monoclonal antibody targets the pro-inflammatory cytokine: IL-12 and IL-23?

Ustekinumab

What monoclonal antibody targets the pro-inflammatory cytokine: IL-23?

Risankizumab

What drug inhibits pan-JAK? (kinase inhibitor)

Tofacitinib

What drug inhibits JAK-1? (kinase inhibitor)

Upadactinib

What drug inhibits both JAK-1 and JAK-2? (kinase inhibitor)

Ruxolitinib

What monoclonal antibody targets LPAM-1 to prevent T cell diapedesis?

Vedolizumab

What monoclonal antibody targets VLA-4 to prevent CD4/CD8 T cell diapedesis?

Natalizumab

What monoclonal antibody targets the TH2 cytokine: IL-5?

Mepolizumab

What monoclonal antibody acts as an antagonist for the TH2 cytokine receptor of IL-4?

Dupilumab

What monoclonal antibody targets IgE?

Omalizumab

What monoclonal antibody targets the TH17 cytokine: IL-17? (long half life, low affinity)

Secukinumab

What monoclonal antibody targets the TH17 cytokine: IL-17? (short half life, high affinity)

Ixekizumab