bio test #2

Ecology

Study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.

Biosphere

Contains the combined portions of the planet in which all life exists, including land, water air or atmosphere 8 km above earth surface to as far as 11 km below the surface of the ocean

Species

Group of organisms, so similar to one other that they can breed and produce fertile offspring

Population

Group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

Communities

Are assembled of different populations that live together in different area

Ecosystem

Collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place together with their nonliving or physical environment

Biome

Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities, often have specific species that thrive and search their biomes

Biosphere

Highest level of organization

How do scientists conduct modern ecological research?

Using three basic approaches: observing, experimenting, modeling

What are the three kinds of ecosystem relationships?

Predation , symbiosis, competition

Predation

When one organism predator hunts, another prey for food example would be bear eating fish in a river

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships formed when two organisms live close to one another in a way that benefits at least one of them There are three types of symbiosis

Competition

When organisms compete for the same resource in an ecosystem

Mutualism

Symbiotic Relationships where both benefit

Commensalism

Symbiotic relationships were one benefit in other is unharmed

Parasitism

Symbiotic relationships were one organism, benefits, parasite, and another is harmed host

What is the main source of energy for life on earth

Sun but some rely on inorganic chemical compounds

Producers

Make ther own food

Autotrophs

Organisms that capture energy from the sun or chemical to produce food only plants some allergy and certain bacteria

Chemosynthesis

Use of chemical energy to produce carbohydrates many types of bacteria, some use nitrogen instead of carbon dioxide

Heterotrophs

Consumers that rely on other organisms for energy

What are the types of heterotrophs?

Herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, detritvores, decomposers

What’s the difference between detritivores and decomposers?

Detritivores: feed on plants and animals remains and other dead matter

Decomposed: breaks down organic matter

Food chains

Series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

Food web

Network of complete feeding relationships linking all the food chains in an ecosystem

Trophic level

Each step in a food chain or web each consumer depends on the trophic level below it for its energy

Ecological pyramid

Shows relative amount of energy or matter in each tropic level

What are the three types of ecological pyramid ?

Energy , biomass, pyramids of numbers

What is the percent of entry being transfer to each trophic level ?

10%

Biomass pyramid

Represents the amount of potential food available for each trophic level in an ecosystem

Bio - pyramid

The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level

Pyramid numbers

Shows relative numbers of individual organisms at each level

Carrion

Dead and King flesh of animals specifically animal remains

Detritus

Nonliving, organic matter usually dead plant or animals that break down into small particles

Scavenger

Animals that feed on carry-ons or other dead organic matter rather than hunting prey

Niche

The best environment for organisms to live