Cell Organelles and Cell Transport

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Biology

Cells

22 Terms

1

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

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2

cell membrane

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

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3

cell wall

A rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

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4

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

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5

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell - creates energy in the form of ATP

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6

Ribosomes

Makes proteins

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7

prokaryotic cell

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

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8

Eukaryotic cells

Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.

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9

Lysosomes

An organelle containing digestive enzymes; gets rid of waste and damaged organelles

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10

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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11

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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12

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.

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13

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

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14

Vacuole

A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area

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15

cell nucleus

an organelle in a cell that holds the cells DNA

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16

Centriole

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only

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17

3 things plant cells have tat animal cells do not

chloroplasts, cell wall, large central vacuole

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18

2 things animal cells have that plant cells don't

lysosomes and centrioles

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19

phospholipid bilayer

Cell membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside.

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20

active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

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21

passive transport

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

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22

concentration gradient

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.

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