Cell Organelles and Cell Transport

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

cell membrane

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

cell wall

A rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell - creates energy in the form of ATP

Ribosomes

Makes proteins

prokaryotic cell

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cells

Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.

Lysosomes

An organelle containing digestive enzymes; gets rid of waste and damaged organelles

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Vacuole

A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area

cell nucleus

an organelle in a cell that holds the cells DNA

Centriole

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only

3 things plant cells have tat animal cells do not

chloroplasts, cell wall, large central vacuole

2 things animal cells have that plant cells don't

lysosomes and centrioles

phospholipid bilayer

Cell membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside.

active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

passive transport

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

concentration gradient

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.