quiz 2

The optimal pH for urine is __.

6.0 to 6.5.

The two major organs involved in maintaining homeostasis are the and .

lungs; kidneys.

Water makes up __ of body weight.

60%.

The hormone responsible for regulating water loss is __ from the hypothalamus.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Electrolytes are substances whose molecules dissociate into __ when placed in a solution.

ions.

The major cations in the body include Na+, K+, Ca2+, and __.

Mg2+.

The __ are the functional unit of the kidney.

nephrons.

Each kidney contains __ million nephrons.

1 to 1.5 million.

The average adult forms __ liters of filtrate per day.

180.

The __ is the first part of the nephron to receive blood during glomerular filtration.

glomerulus.

Reabsorption of water primarily occurs at the __.

proximal convoluted tubule.

ADH promotes __ reabsorption.

water.

The __ is the final site in the kidney to either dilute or concentrate urine.

collecting duct.

In states of dehydration, renal tubules are able to absorb water at their __ rates.

maximum.

Urine composition is approximately water and solutes.

95%; 5%.

Oliguria is defined as urine excretion of less than __ ml per day.

400 ml.

Anuria is defined as __ urine output.

no.

The yellow color of urine comes from __.

urochrome.

Dark yellow or amber urine may indicate the presence of __.

bilirubin.

Clarity in urine can be affected by __, __, or bacteria.

red blood cells; white blood cells.

A fruity odor in urine can indicate the presence of __.

ketones.

The preferred specimen for urine testing is first morning urine, collected by __.

midstream collection.

The standard reference range for urine pH is to .

4.5; 8.0.

how long do you wait to read reagent strips

immediately, or it can take up to 2 mins

what 3 systems control urine pH

kidneys

lungs

acid base buffers

what is the kidneys role in maintaining pH

absorption of bicarbonate

excretion of ammonium

excretion of hydrogen ions and weak organic acids

what is the pH range of normal urine

4.5-8.0

specific gravity measures

the ability of kidneys to selectively reabsorb chemicals and water from filtrate

protein is the best indicator of

renal disease

the major protein found in urine is

Albumin