Kinesiology

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

It delivers oxygenated air to blood and remove carbon dioxide

Blood Pressure (Page 153) 

The force of blood pushing against the arteries

Systolic

Measuring how hard the heart is working against the arterial walls during contraction

diastolic

Measuring the pressure of the heart when it’s at a relaxed state (The ventricles are relaxed and being filled with blood)

Cardiac output

The amount of blood pumped into the aorta each minute

Stroke volume

The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat

Heart rate (Include Intensity of Work)

The amount your heart beats per minute

During the intensity of exercise, the heart rate can increase up to 200bpm

The Peripheral Circulatory System

The vessels that carry blood away from the heart and to the organs (Lungs, Brain, Stomach, Intestines)

Arteries vs Veins

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins carry blood towards the heart

Blood 

Specialized body fluid with four main components:

RBC (carries oxygen to the body), WBC (Fights diseases) , Plasma (Transports clots)

Blood Doping (Page 157)

To increase the amount of rbcs in the body, many athletes will remove and store blood then inject it back into the body

Transportation of Carbon Dioxide

• byproduct of cellular respiration

• Once formed into the tissue cells, it diffuses into the blood, and goes to the lungs to be exhaled

Function of the Lungs (Page 162)

Allows us to breathe, bring oxygen in our body, removes carbon dioxide

Gas Exchange

• Occurs in alveoli

• the process where oxygen from inhaled air moves into the bloodstream within the lungs, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, moves from the blood into the lungs to be exhaled

Exercise Benefits/Adaptations

Increased size of heart, Stroke volume, max cardiac output, capillaries, total blood volume, hemoglobin levels, number and size of mitochondria, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction, muscle endurance, lung capacity, gas exchange, recovery time, lower resting heart rate

Exercise and Environments

New environments create additional stress on various psychological systems on the body

Altitude

The density of the molecules in the body lowers so you have to breathe faster or take deeper breaths to adapt

Temperature

When at rest, the body loses heat due to radiation.

When exercising in the heat, your body produces sweat to maintain homeostasis. When the sweat evaporates, you lose heat.

When exercising in the cold, your muscles involuntary shiver to increase your metabolic rate to produce heat.

What is the function of the cardiovascular system

The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other important substances to cells and organs in the body.

oxygen uptake

The amount of oxygen that is consumed by the body as a result of aerobic metabolism

Ventilation

the process of moving air in and out of the lungs, and is also known as breathing.