Funktionella grupper: struktur och namn

very polar but weak acid

Carboxylic acid/Karboxyl syra

compounds formed by removing water from acids

Acid anhydride/Syraanhydrid

derived from carboxylic acids, OH-group is replaced with OR’-group

Ester

Created by reacting a carboxylic acid with a thiol, active acyl group carrier

Thioester/sulfurester

OH-group is replaced by a halide

Acid halides/Acyl halides/ Syra eller acylhalider

an acyl group (R–C=O) linked to a nitrogen atom

Amides/Amider

a cyano group = carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom

Nitriles/Nitriler

Carbonyl/Acyl group with a single bonded H

Aldehydes/Aldehyder

polar and reactive

Ketones/Ketoner

Has a OH-group (hydroxyl group)

Alcohol/Alkohol

Aromatic ring/cylohexane with a hydroxyl group

Phenols/Fenoler

Contains a sulfhydryl (-SH) functional group, where sulfur is bonded to a hydrogen.

Thiols (mercapto)

Contain a nitrogen atom bonded to carbon and/or hydrogen atoms

Amines

compounds featuring a carbon-nitrogen double bond

Imines

Oxygen bonded to two carbons

Ether/Eter

a thioether

Sulfides/sulfider

Disulfides

Double bonded carbon chain

Alkenes/Alken

Triple bonded carbon chain

Alkynes/Alkyn

Single bonded carbon chain

Alkane/Alkan

Arene/Aromatisk ring

halogen bonded to a carbon chain (alkyl group)

halo alkane