Dual Enrollment English Quiz Two Topics

Aids in creating a unified paragraph

Identify, Relate, Eliminate, Connect, Clarify, Rewrite

Identify

Identifying the topic sentence, making sure it both highlights the main idea of the paragraph, and connects the paragraph to the thesis statement. Helps you stay on topic, and remember what you’re writing about.

Relate

Reading each sentence in a paragraph and determining how it relates to and develops the main idea. Gives you time to check for grammar and if it's a comprehensible sentence.

Eliminate

Eliminating any sentence that doesn’t relate to the main idea, or is violating the unity of a paragraph. If you need the sentence, add clarifying details or a transitional word or phrase to make the relationship clear. Shows you awkward sentences  and how they can be improved or removed.

Connect

Checking to see how well your sentences fit together. Helps create a flow in your writing and make it concise.

Clarify

Clarify the relationship between each sentence and the main idea by using details, examples, and other evidence that bring the main idea of the paragraph to life. Without details and examples, border statements in the paragraph can seem abstract or hollow. Keeps your paper interesting and captivating to the reader.

Rewrite

If more than one idea is conveyed in a single paragraph, either split the paragraph in two or rewrite the paragraph so that it establishes a relationship between both ideas.

Organizational patterns for unity and coherence

Chronological, spatial, emphatic, and logical order

Chronological order

(particularly useful in narration) arranges ideas according to the order in which things happened

Spatial order

(effective in description) orients the reader’s focus from right to left, near to far, top to bottom, and so on. (use of imagery)

Emphatic order

(useful in expository and persuasive writing) arranges information in order of importance, usually from least to most important, which helps readers understand logical relationships

Logical order

presents information from specific to general from general to specific, as in the following paragraph

Fragment

a piece of a sentence, or an imcomplete sentence

How to fix a fragment

adding a subject, verb, or being attached to an adjacent sentence

What keeps a phrase from being a complete sentence

It lacks a subject and/or predicate

How a phrase can become a sentence

By attaching it to a nearby sentence (conjoining it)

Four phrases that are used in fragments

Verbal, Prepositional, Appositive, Absolute

Dependent Clause

a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought

Why a dependent clause can’t stand alone as a sentence

Because it can begin with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun

How can you correct a dependent clause

By removing the subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun and supplying any missing elements.

When it is acceptable to use a fragment

When it is being used in a rhetorical situation, where a casual tone is being used

Comma splice

The incorrect use of a comma between two independent clauses

A run-on (fused) sentence

A sentence that consists of two independent clauses run together without any punctuation at all

How to correct comma splices and run on sentences

Appropriate punctuation and adding any necessary connecting words

When do comma splices and fused sentences occur most frequently

1.  With transitional words and phrases such as however, therefore, and for example

2.  When an explanation or an example is given in the second sentence

3.  When a positive clause follows a negative clause, or vice versa

4. When the subject of the second clause is a pronoun whose antecedent is in the preceding clause

Ways to correct comma splices and run on sentences

1. Link independent clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction

2.  Link independent clauses with a semicolon or a colon or separate them with a period

3.  Recast an independent clause as a dependent clause or as a phrase

4.  Integrate one clause into the other

5. Use transitional words or phrases to link independent clauses

Comparison

finding similarities among two or more things, people or ideas

Contrast

involves finding differences

How comparison and contrast work together in an essay

They emphasize the similarities and differences between two or more things, people, or ideas

Three organizational models for structuring a CC essay?

• Subject-by-Subject comparison (all of subject and all of subject B)

• Point-by-Point (point 1 in A, then point 1 in B)

• Mixed Sequence (includes subject-by-subject and point-by-point)

Metaphor

identifies one thing with another

Simile

a comparison made using like or as

Keys to Revising an Essay

Avoiding the Obvious

Keeping the Analysis Logically structured

Regular verbs

have four verb forms: base form, an -s form (third person singular in the present tense), an -ing form (present participle), and an -ed form (past participle)

Irregular verbs

Have different past form and past particple

Ex: the past form of “write” is “wrote” and the past particple is “written”

Active voice

voice used when the subject is generally a person or thing performing an action              

Passive voice

voice used when the subject is usually the receiver of the action