Symptomatology of Stuttering

Flashcards about stuttering

What can be seen and heard related to stuttering?

Blocks, repetitions, prolongations, secondary behaviors

What cannot be seen and heard related to stuttering?

Fear, shame, guilt, embarrassment, anxiety, isolation, denial, hopelessness

Repetitions

Monosyllabic words, syllables & sounds

Involuntary movements

Eye blinking, head, face, torso

Accessory behaviors

Increased heart rate, sweating, blushing

Increased heart rate, sweating, blushing related to stuttering

Getting tensed, nervous, anxious

What thoughts occur related to stuttering?

Negative thoughts and anticipation

Distorted time perception

Feeling of urgency

Childhood-onset fluency disorder

Typically develops between the ages of 2 & 7

Perpetuating factors

Maintaining the stuttering at the present time, that cause the person to continue to stutter after the disorder has begun.

Diagnosogenic theory

Parents’ misdiagnosis and inappropriate reaction to normal fluency.

Continuity hypothesis

Child’s awareness and increasing concern about his own disfluency

Primary stuttering theory

Child’s reactions to negative listener reactions to his normal disfluencies, which he starts to fear and tend to avoid, so tense prepostures develop consequently.

Breakdown theories

Physiological deficit (incomplete cerebral dominance, disruption of motor organization timing and control, etc)

Speech-language planning-production

Stuttering increases when MLU increases

Emotional reactivity and regulation

More impulsive, more nervous, more sensitive towards env. changes

Learning(stuttering)

Conditioning processes, increase reactive stuttering behaviors

Singing and Brain Function

The brain functions differently for singing than it does for talking.

Neurogenic stuttering

Fluency does not improve during automatic speech.

Iatrogenic stuttering

Stuttering symptoms caused by medical treatment.

Drugs that may cause disfluencies

Neuroleptics, antidepressants