MICRO1 LAB

COCCI
BACILLI
SPIRALS

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BASIC FORMS:

0.4-2.4 um

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Size:

Staphylococcus
Streptococci
Diplococci
Tetrad
Sarcina

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
SPECIFIC MORPHOLOGY:

Staphylococcus aureus

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
REPRESENTATIVE BACTERIUM
Staphylococcus

Streptococcus pyogenes

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
REPRESENTATIVE BACTERIUM
Streptococci

Streptococcus pneumonia
Neisseria gonorrhoeae

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
REPRESENTATIVE BACTERIUM
Diplococci

Gaffkya tetragena

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
REPRESENTATIVE BACTERIUM
Tetrad

Sarcina lutea

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
REPRESENTATIVE BACTERIUM
Sarcina

0.2-4 um x 0.5-20 um WxL

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Size:

Streptobacilli
Diplobacilli (Snapping & Slipping)
Coccobacilli
Vibrio

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
SPECIFIC MORPHOLOGY:

Bacillus subtilis

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
REPRESENTATIVE BACTERIUM
Streptobacilli

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
REPRESENTATIVE BACTERIUM
Diplobacilli (Snapping & Slipping)

Escherichia coli

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
REPRESENTATIVE BACTERIUM
Coccobacilli

Vibrio cholera

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
REPRESENTATIVE BACTERIUM
Vibrio

1-4 um length

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Size:

Spirillum
Spirochete

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
SPECIFIC MORPHOLOGY:

Campylobacter jejuni

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
REPRESENTATIVE BACTERIUM
Spirillum

Borella sp.
Treponema pallidum

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
REPRESENTATIVE BACTERIUM
Spirochete

Gram Stain
Acid Fast Stain
Dilute Carbol Fuchsin
Fontana Tribondeau

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
Staining METHOD:

Gram (+) = Purple or Violet
Gram (-) = Red

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
Staining REACTION
Gram Stain

Acid-fast = Red
Non-Acid fast = Blue

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
Staining REACTION
Acid Fast Stain

Red or Reddish Brown

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
Staining REACTION
Dilute Carbol Fuchsin

Dark Brown or Black with Yellowish Background

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
Staining REACTION
Fontana Tribondeau

Gram (+) Staphylococci

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Staphylococci
Rep. Bact.: Staphylococcus aureus

Staining Reaction:

Staphylococci

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
- cocci in grapelike clusters or cocci in irregular clusters

golden yellow pigment

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Staphylococci
Rep. Bact.: Staphylococcus aureus

Aureus because it is related to the ability of the organism to produce a:

Streptococci

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
- cocci in chains in which organisms look like beads on a string

Gram (+) Streptococci

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Streptococci
Rep. Bact.: Streptococcus pyogenes

Staining Reaction:

pus-producing

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Streptococci
Rep. Bact.: Streptococcus pyogenes

Pyogenic =

bacterial tonsillitis

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Streptococci
Rep. Bact.: Streptococcus pyogenes

Agent of:

Diplococci

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
- Cocci in pairs - two round cells facing each other

Gram (+) Diplococci

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Diplococci
Rep. Bact.: Streptococcus pneumoniae

Staining Reaction:

Lanceolate appearance

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Diplococci
Rep. Bact.: Streptococcus pneumoniae

- the shorter ends are facing each other

SPUTUM

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Diplococci
Rep. Bact.: Streptococcus pneumoniae

Source of Smear:

Pus cells

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Diplococci
Rep. Bact.: Streptococcus pneumoniae

Red cells -

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Diplococci
Other Rept. Bact.:

Gram (-) Diplococci

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Diplococci
Other Rept. Bact.: Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Staining Reaction:

Coffee-bean shaped

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Diplococci
Other Rept. Bact.: Neisseria gonorrhoeae

- the longer sides of the cells are facing each other; adjacent sides are flattened

Tetrad

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
- Cocci in groups of four (4) cells

Gram (+) Tetrad

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Tetrad
Rep. Bact.: Gaffkya tetragena

Staining Reaction:

Sarcina

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
- Cocci in cubical packets of eight cells

Gram (+) Sarcina

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
COCCI
Specific Morphology: Sarcina
Rep. Bact.: Sarcina lutea

Staining Reaction:

Streptobacilli

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
- bacilli in chains, one rod-shaped organism after the other
- long and plump

Gram (+) Streptobacilli

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Streptobacilli
Rep. Bact.: Bacillus subtilis

Staining Reaction:

spores

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Streptobacilli
Rep. Bact.: Bacillus subtilis

Unstained area in the cell =

spore-former

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Streptobacilli
Rep. Bact.: Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis is a:

Diplobacilli

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
- bacilli in pairs: usually have two bacillus, one after the other

Acid Fast

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Diplobacilli
Rep. Bact.: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Staining Reaction:

long and slender; metachromatic granules

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Diplobacilli
Rep. Bact.: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The cells of TB bacilli are _______, and some cells may show _______ which are seen as dark dots along the body of the cell

pus cells and epithelial cells

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Diplobacilli
Rep. Bact.: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Blue bg / cells -

SPUTUM of a TB patient

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Diplobacilli
Rep. Bact.: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Source:

Snapping diplobacilli

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Diplobacilli
Rep. Bact.: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS:
- V or inverted V

Slipping diplobacilli

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Diplobacilli
Rep. Bact.: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS:
- two bacillus arranged parallel side by side

Coccobacilli

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
- Short, plump, oval bacilli

Gram (-) Coccobacilli

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Coccobacilli
Rep. Bact.: Escherichia coli

Staining Reaction:

Traveller's Diarrhea

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Coccobacilli
Rep. Bact.: Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli causes:

Vibrio

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
- Comma-shaped bacilli

Gram (-) Vibrio

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Vibrio
Rep. Bact.: Vibrio cholerae

Staining Reaction:

thin, end portion; coccobacilli

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
BACILLI
Specific Morphology: Vibrio
Rep. Bact.: Vibrio cholerae

Best observed at the ______ of the smear because in those areas the vibrio has the space to curve. In crowded areas, they will appear as ______.

Spirillum

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
- Spiral organisms whose long axis remains rigid when in motion

Gram (-) Spirillum

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Specific Morphology: Spirillum
Rep. Bact.: Campylobacter jejuni

Staining Reaction:

bird in flight, n, s, w

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Specific Morphology: Spirillum
Rep. Bact.: Campylobacter jejuni

Appear as:

Spirochete

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
- a spiral organism whose long axis bends when in motion
- appearance of an extremely long, undulating bacillary form

Dilute Carbol Fuchsin

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Specific Morphology: Spirochete
Rep. Bact.: Borrelia sp.

Staining Method:

few looser coils

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Specific Morphology: Spirochete
Rep. Bact.: Borrelia sp.

Red spiral bacterium with:

smear from BLOOD CULTURE

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Specific Morphology: Spirochete
Rep. Bact.: Borrelia sp.

Red cells:

Lyme disease

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Specific Morphology: Spirochete
Rep. Bact.: Borrelia sp.

Borrelia burgdorferi, agent of:

Fontana Tripondeau

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Specific Morphology: Spirochete
Rep. Bact.: Treponema pallidum

Staining Method:

several tight coils; Corkscrew; Brown or black; yellow/yellow orange

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Specific Morphology: Spirochete
Rep. Bact.: Treponema pallidum

- Slender spiral bacterium with _______
- _____ appearance
- ______ with _______ background

URETHRAL DISCHARGE

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Specific Morphology: Spirochete
Rep. Bact.: Treponema pallidum

Source:

Syphilis

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Specific Morphology: Spirochete
Rep. Bact.: Treponema pallidum

Agent of:

Leptospira interrogans

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
SPIRALS
Specific Morphology: Spirochete
- under the microscope, it looks like a question mark (hence, the species name)
- less tightly coiled which are hook-like bends on the ends of the cell

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumonia
Gaffkya tetragena
Bacillus subtilis

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
GRAM POSITIVE (+):

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Escherichia coli
Vibrio cholerae
Campylobacter jejuni

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
GRAM NEGATIVE (-):

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
ACID FAST:

Borrelia sp.

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
DILUTE CARBOL FUCHSIN:

Treponema pallidum

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TYPES
FONTANA TRIPONDEAU:

Cell Envelope

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- determines the gram staining reaction of the bacteria (+) (-)
- induce specific antibody response due to components

Gram +

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- cytoplasmic membrane
- thick peptidoglycan
- variable capsule
- contains teichoic acid

Gram -

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- cytoplasmic membrane also serve as inner membrane
- single planar peptidoglycan sheet
- outer membrane-complex layer
- variable capsule

Surface Adherent Structures

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- presence of capsules is associated with virulence in bacteria
- it is antigenic VI antigen

Slime Layer

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- Capsule

Glycocalyx

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
Streptoccocus mutans
- major role in bacteria adherence to cell surfaces

Outer Membrane

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- phospholipids bilayer with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) instead of phospholipids

surface antigens and phage receptors; selective permeability barrier; 800

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
Outer Membrane
- carrier of ___________
- acts as a __________ which allows diffusion of molecules with molecular weight of to ____

Lipopolysaccharides

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- lipid A & A polysaccharide with a core and repeating units
- extending polysaccharide from lipid A outermost molecules of the outer membrane

noncovalent hydrophobic bonds; endotoxin; O antigens-somatic antigens

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
Lipopolysaccharides
- attached to outer membrane by ________
- _____ from lipid A causes fever and shock
- major surface antigens for Gram - bacteria (__________)

Porins

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- Form transmembrane diffusion channels
- controls the passage of nutrients and other solutes

Cell Wall

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- peptidoglycan, murein, mucopeptide or glycopeptide
- gives the bacteria; cell shape and strength to withstand environmental osmotic pressure that results in cell lysis
- mechanical disruption, barrier for larger substances

disaccharide pentapeptide units

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
Cell Wall
Composed of:

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic Acid

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- the alternating sugar compounds amino acids are only liked to NAM↑
- crossed linked polymers of their connect via peptide bridges to form peptidoglycan sheets

Murein Sacculus or Sack

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- multilayered crosslinked structure of considerable strength made up of NAM and NAG polymers

Teichoic Acid

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- glycerol or ribitol phosphate polymers in combination with various sugars

Amino Acids and Amino Sugars

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- other auxiliary molecules in CW impart properties to the outer surface of Gram + cells which influence pathogenicity

Teichoic Acid and Cell wall associated proteins

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- major surface antigens of Gram + bacteria

Protoplast

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- wall less osmotically sensitive spherical body which is liberated upon a stabilized hypertonic solution of sucrose or salts

Spheroplast

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- protoplast with a retained cell envelope but a deficit cell wall causing it to take a spherical shape

Major Properties of Cell Wall

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- osmotic lysis protection
- cell rigidity and shape
- surface antigens
- support for flagellar production

Extrachromosomal Factors

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- small circular double stranded pieces of DNA
- determine bacterial traits
- plasmid extrachromosomal pieces of DNA
- mostly remain autonomous or independent on the cytoplasm
- transferred by conjugation, not essential

Fertility (F) Factor

BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES
- sexuality, F+ or F-