Poetry Terminology
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70 Terms
speaker
the voice of the poem
tone
the speaker’s attitude toward the subject
mood
the emotional content of the poem
diction
word choice
denotation
literal meanings
connotation
implied meanings
syntax
word order
figurative language
introducing something new to build semantic density
stanza
verse paragraph
couplet
two adjacent lines that rhyme
heroic couplet
two adjacent iambic pentameter lines that rhyme
tercet
three adjacent lines
quatrain
four adjacent lines
sestet
six adjacent lines
octave
eight adjacent lines
onomatopoeia
a word that is the sound it represents
alliteration
words with the same starting sound
assonance
repetition of the same vowel sound
meter
a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry (scansion)
poetic foot
base unit of meter (2 or 3 syllables)
dactyl/ic
/UU
anapest/ic
UU/
iamb/ic
U/
trochee/trochaic
/U
pyrrhic
UU
spondee/spondaic
//
trimeter
three feet
tetrameter
four feet
pentameter
five feet
iambic pentameter
a line of five iambic feet
blank verse
unrhymed meter (usually iambic pentameter)
free verse
poetry without strict rhyme or meter
end rhyme
rhyme in the last words of lines
internal rhyme
rhyme within a line
anaphora
the same word or phrase beginning multiple lines
enjambment
a line that proceeds without punctuation into the next line
end-stopped line
a pause at the end of a line (punctuation)
caesura
a midline pause (punctuation)
sonnet
a fourteen line poem, often in iambic pentameter
shakespearean sonnet
abab|cdcd|efef|gg
petrarchan/italian sonnet
abba|abba|cdecde
villanelle
a1ba2|aba1|aba2|aba1|aba2|aba1a2
terza rima
aba|bcb|cdc|ded (often narrative)
lyric poetry
song-like (rhyme, meter, repetition) and features speaker’s emotions
narrative poetry
poetry that tells a story
dramatic monologue
tells about character (not speaker) setting
confessional poetry
intense/emotional, draws on poet’s experience
elegy
poem in praise of someone who has died
ode
poem written in praise of something
apostrophe
addressing someone/thing that cannot hear
metaphor
comparing two unlike things without like/as
extended metaphor
a long-standing metaphor
controlling metaphor
when the whole poem uses the metaphor
simile
comparing two unlike things with like/as
personification
attribution of human characteristics to nonhuman things
metonymy
substituting a closely related thing for a noun (i.e. hollywood)
synechdoche
substituting a physical part of a thing for the whole (i.e. all hands on deck)
dramatic irony
when the audience knows something the speaker doesn’t
irony
when appearance doesn’t match reality, something is the opposite of what it seems
spatial setting
where a poem takes place
temporal setting
when a poem takes place
hyperbole
exaggeration
understatement
opposite of exaggeration (often ironic)
paradox
a statement that contradicts itself
verbal irony
when you say the opposite of what you mean
situational irony
when the situation is different than what is expected
abstract imagery
describing a non concrete thing in terms of sensory experiences
concrete imagery
describing an existent sensory experience
imagery
any description of a sensory experience
allusion
a reference outside of the text