Week 3 Neuro: Acquisition Questions

What is proprioception?

A) The ability to sense sound in the environment

B) The awareness of where your body parts are without looking

C) The process of sending visual information to the brain

D) The ability to plan intentional movement

B

Which systems are involved in proprioception?

A) Visual and auditory systems

B) Vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive sensory systems

C) Respiratory and proprioceptive systems

D) Vestibular and digestive systems

B

Where are reflexive movements processed?

A) Primary motor cortex

B) Cerebellum

C) Spinal cord

D) Brainstem

C

Where are intentional movements processed?

A) Spinal cord

B) Cerebellum

C) Brainstem

D) Cortex

D

Which peripheral receptor detects muscle stretch?

A) Golgi Tendon Organ

B) Joint Receptor

C) Muscle Spindle

D) Vestibular Hair Cell

C

Which receptor detects muscle tension and prevents injury?

A) Muscle Spindle

B) Joint Receptor

C) Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)

D) Vestibular receptor

C

Which receptor provides information about joint position and movement?

A) Vestibular receptor

B) Golgi Tendon Organ

C) Muscle Spindle

D) Joint Receptor

D

Which muscle fibers generate force for actual movement?

A) Intrafusal fibers

B) Extrafusal fibers

C) Gamma fibers

D) Beta fibers

B

Which muscle fibers detect stretch inside the muscle spindle?

A) Gamma fibers

B) Extrafusal fibers

C) Intrafusal fibers

D) Alpha fibers

C

What do alpha motor neurons control?

A) Intrafusal fibers for sensory detection

B) Extrafusal fibers for movement

C) Sensory receptors in joints

D) Vestibular pathways

B

What do gamma motor neurons control?

A) Extrafusal fibers for force generation

B) Intrafusal fibers to keep them sensitive to stretching

C) Reflexive movements in the spinal cord

D) Voluntary movement in the cortex

B

What is the primary role of the muscle spindle?

A) Detect muscle tension to prevent injury

B) Detect muscle stretch and coordinate agonist/antagonist muscles

C) Send information about joint position to the brain

D) Strengthen neuron signals between muscles

B

The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) prevents injury by:

A) Detecting stretch in the muscle

B) Sending information to the vestibular system

C) Detecting muscle tension and signaling the body to stop applying excessive force

D) Processing intentional movements

C

Why is the GTO important for therapy?

A) It detects visual stimuli

B) It helps therapists design safe exercises and prevent overuse injuries

C) It strengthens reflexive movements

D) It replaces damaged muscle fibers

B

What is the primary role of joint receptors?

A) Process touch sensations

B) Provide information about joint position and movement

C) Detect muscle stretch

D) Detect muscle tension

B

Where does the spinocerebellar tract send information?

A) Cortex for voluntary movement

B) Cerebellum for balance and coordination

C) Spinal cord for reflexive movement

D) Thalamus for processing visual input

B

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for:

A) Detecting visual input

B) Processing touch and body sensations

C) Coordinating reflexive responses

D) Strengthening neuron signals

B

The sensory homunculus shows:

A) Which body parts have the largest muscles

B) A brain map of cortical space for sensation

C) The distribution of joint receptors

D) How signals travel through the spinal cord

B

Where is sensory information processed to elicit motor output?

A) Spinal cord and brain

B) Brainstem only

C) Vestibular system only

D) Sensory homunculus only

A

What does the primary motor cortex control?

A) Automatic reflexes

B) Voluntary, intentional movements

C) Joint receptor activation

D) Reflexive muscle contraction

B

The motor homunculus shows:

A) Which body parts have the strongest reflexes

B) Cortical space dedicated to controlling different body parts

C) The order of reflex development

D) The pathway of the vestibular system

B

The corticospinal tract (pyramidal tract) controls:

A) Reflexive movements only

B) Voluntary movement

C) Balance and coordination

D) Sensory input processing

B

Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

A) Axon

B) Cell body

C) Dendrites

D) Myelin

C

Which part of the neuron sends signals to other neurons?

A) Axon

B) Cell body

C) Dendrites

D) Soma

A

What is the role of neurons in the motor system?

A) Generate reflexive contractions only

B) Act as messengers to control movement and reflexes

C) Detect light and sound stimuli

D) Store excess energy for muscles

B

The state of a neuron when it is NOT sending a signal is called:

A) Threshold

B) Action potential

C) Resting potential

D) Neutral state

C

What is an action potential?

A) The neuron's resting state

B) A rapid change that allows a neuron to send a signal

C) The detection of sensory input

D) The release of neurotransmitters

B

During an action potential, which movement occurs?

A) Negative ions move into the cell

B) Positive ions move into the cell and negative ions move out

C) Both positive and negative ions leave the cell

D) No change in ion movement

B

What is synaptic facilitation?

A) When neuron signals weaken

B) When neuron signals strengthen

C) When muscles contract automatically

D) When neurons stop sending signals

B

What is synaptic defacilitation?

A) When neuron signals become stronger

B) When neuron signals become weaker

C) When a muscle spindle activates

D) When myelin thickens

B

Why is understanding synaptic facilitation and defacilitation important in clinical practice?

A) It helps therapists predict joint movements

B) It explains conditions like multiple sclerosis where signal strength is affected

C) It determines which muscles are the strongest

D) It tracks the location of alpha motor neurons

B

What is the function of myelin?

A) To detect sensory input

B) To protect neurons and speed up signal transmission

C) To store calcium for muscle contractions

D) To control voluntary movements

B

Damage to myelin, such as in multiple sclerosis, causes:

A) Faster signal transmission

B) Slower or disrupted nerve signaling

C) Increased reflexive movements

D) Stronger synaptic facilitation

B

Which of the following is an example of a reflexive movement?

A) Waving to a friend

B) Typing on a keyboard

C) Pulling your hand away from a hot stove

D) Writing a note

C

Which of the following is an example of an intentional movement?

A) Knee-jerk reflex

B) Pulling your hand away from heat

C) Deciding to walk or wave

D) Blinking automatically

C

A stroke patient struggles with voluntary movement. Which brain structure and pathway are most likely affected?

A) Somatosensory cortex and spinocerebellar tract

B) Primary motor cortex and corticospinal tract

C) Brainstem and joint receptors

D) Cerebellum and alpha motor neurons

B

Why is the homunculus important for occupational therapy?

A) It maps out areas of muscle fatigue

B) It shows which body parts need the most cortical representation for movement and sensation

C) It identifies damaged neurons

D) It strengthens reflexive movements

B