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Ego
________- the part of the mind that serves as a realistic mediator between the id and superego.
Electra
________ complex- The childhood experience of desiring the father and resenting the mother.
Oedipus
________ complex- The childhood experience of desiring the mother and resenting the father.
Aggression Behavior
________ intended to cause harm or death.
Supergo
________- the part of the mind that opposes the id by enforcing rules, restrictions, and morality.
Immune
________ system- The bodys innate method of defending against bacteria, viruses, infections, injuries, and anything else that could cause illness or death.
Prejudice
________- An often negative attitude toward a social group that is formed before getting to know group members.
Obedience
________- Changes in an individuals behavior to comply with the demands of an authority figure.
General Adaptation Syndrome
________- A widely accepted understanding of the way the body responds to ongoing stress, consisting of the sequence of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
Freudian
________ slips- Verbal or behavioral mistakes that reveal unconscious thoughts or wishes.
Rorschach
________ inkblot technique- A projective personality test in which the client responds to 10 inkblot images.
Social Psychology
________- (1) A basic research specialization in which psychologists focus on how people think about, influence, and relate to each other.
Stereotype
________- Beliefs about a groups characteristics that are applied very generally, and often inaccurately, to group members.
Reciprocal determinism
________- The theory that three factors- behavior, environment, and cognitions- continually influence each other.
Attitude
________- A viewpoint, often influenced by both thoughts and emotions, that affects a persons responses to people, things, or situations.
Altruism
________- Completely unselfish concern for others.
Psychophysiological illnesses
________- Any illness that stress can cause, worsen, or maintain.
Bystander
________ effect- The decrease in likelihood that one person will help another person caused by the presence of others also available to help.
high levels
Type A- personality featuring ________ of competitiveness, drive, impatience, and hostility.
MMPI
________- 2- A widely used and respected objective personality test that emphasizes mental disorders.
Psychopharmacology
________: The treatment of psychological disorders with medications.
Abraham Maslow
________- Developed the hierarchy of needs theory, which describes human motivation as a progression from basic physiological needs to higher- level psychological needs.
Incongruence
________- A mismatch between your real self and your ideal self.
Ingroup
________ vs. outgroup- A social group to which a person believes he or she belongs " (us)
D
Type ________ personalities- personality featuring high levels of negative emotions, like depression and anxiety, and a reluctance to share those emotions with others.
Medical student
________ syndrome: A psychological phenomenon where ________ begin to experience symptoms of the diseases they are studying.
Cognitive dissonance
________- The discomfort caused by having an attitude that contradicts another attitude or a behavior.
individual performance
Social loafing- A decrease in ________ when tasks are done in groups.
Mood
________ stabilizing drugs: medications that are used to treat bipolar disorder and stabilize ________ swings.
Eclectic Approach
________: A type of psychotherapy that combines different therapeutic techniques based on the individual's needs.
Alberta Banner Turner
________, Ph.D.- A professional with a Doctor of Philosophy degree in psychology, who may have expertise in various subfields of psychology, such as clinical psychology, social psychology, cognitive psychology, or developmental psychology.
Id
________- the animalistic part of the mind that generates our most basic, biologically based impulses, such as sex and aggression.
Optimism
________- An attitude toward the future characterized by hope or expectation of a positive outcome.
Therapeutic alliance
________: The relationship between the therapist and the client, which is essential to the success of therapy.
Deindividuation
________- A loss of identity and accountability experienced by individuals in groups that can lead to atypical behavior.
Flight
________- or- ________ response- An automatic emotional and physical reaction to a perceived threat that prepares one to either attack it or run away from it.
Positive regard
________- Warmth, acceptance, and love from those around a person.
Defense mechanisms
________: repression, denial, displacement, sublimation.
best solution
Groupthink- A phenomenon that occurs when group members value getting along with each other more than finding the ________.
Attraction
________: Proximity and mere exposure, physical attractiveness, similarity, reciprocal liking.
Hardiness
________- Behaviors that reflect resilience under stressful circumstances.
Conformity
________- Changes in an individuals behavior to correspond to the behavior of a group of other people.
Conditions of worth
________- Requirements that you must meet to earn a persons positive regard.
Schizophrenia
________: A severe mental disorder characterized by symptoms such as psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, flat affect, and cognitive symptoms.
Abnormality
________: A deviation from what is considered normal or typical behavior.
Electroconvulsive Therapy
________ (ECT)- A biomedical therapy for severe disorders in which an electric current passes through the brain of the client.
Primary appraisal
________ and secondary appraisal- The way you determine how stressful an event is to you and The way you determine how capable you are of coping with an event.
Integrative Approach
________: A type of psychotherapy that combines different theoretical perspectives and therapeutic techniques.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
________ (PTSD)- A psychological disorder lasting at least a month characterized by feeling continuously on edge, avoiding reminders of the traumatic event, having difficulty sleeping and concentrating, and frequently recalling or reliving the event.
Primary appraisal and secondary appraisal
The way you determine how stressful an event is to you and The way you determine how capable you are of coping with an event
Health Psychology
A basic research specialization in which psychologists focus on the relationship between mind and body
General Adaptation Syndrome
A widely accepted understanding of the way the body responds to ongoing stress, consisting of the sequence of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
Stages
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion -
Psychophysiological illnesses
Any illness that stress can cause, worsen, or maintain
Type A
personality featuring high levels of competitiveness, drive, impatience, and hostility
Type B
personality in which the person is noncompetitive, easygoing, relaxed, and rarely angry
Type C
personality featuring a low level of emotional expression, a high level of agreeableness with other people, and a tendency to feel helpless
Type D personalities
personality featuring high levels of negative emotions, like depression and anxiety, and a reluctance to share those emotions with others
Coping
Efforts to reduce or manage an experience of stress
Problem-focused coping
A style of coping with stress that emphasizes changing the stressor itself
emotion-focused coping
A style of coping with stress that emphasizes changing your emotional reaction to the stressor
Hardiness
Behaviors that reflect resilience under stressful circumstances
Optimism
An attitude toward the future characterized by hope or expectation of a positive outcome
Personality
A persons distinctive and stable way of thinking, feeling, and behaving
Unconscious
Mental activity of which the person is unaware
Freudian slips
Verbal or behavioral mistakes that reveal unconscious thoughts or wishes
Id
the animalistic part of the mind that generates our most basic, biologically based impulses, such as sex and aggression
Ego
the part of the mind that serves as a realistic mediator between the id and superego
Supergo
the part of the mind that opposes the id by enforcing rules, restrictions, and morality
defense mechanisms
repression, denial, displacement, sublimation
Psychosexual Stages of Development
Freuds five biologically based developmental stages of childhood, during which personality characteristics are formed
Oral stage
which takes place from birth to about 18 months and focuses on the psychological consequences of feeding behavior
anal stage
which lasts from about age 18 months to about age 3, and focuses on the psychological consequences of toilet training
phallic stage
which runs from 3 to 6 years old and focuses on the psychological consequences of attraction to the opposite-sex parent
latency stage
which lasts through the elementary school years, when the childs energies are focused primarily on school and other tasks that have little to do with sexual or bodily issues
Genital stage
which lasts from puberty through adulthood and focuses on mature, adult sexual relationships
Fixation
Freuds term for a lingering psychological problem directly related to unsuccessful experience of a particular psychosexual stage
Oedipus complex
The childhood experience of desiring the mother and resenting the father
Electra complex
The childhood experience of desiring the father and resenting the mother
Humanistic Theory of Personality
A theory based on the ideas of Carl Rogers that emphasizes peoples inherent tendencies toward healthy, positive growth and self-fulfillment
Carl Rogers
Developed the humanistic approach to psychology, which emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and the importance of the client-therapist relationship in facilitating personal growth and self-actualization
Abraham Maslow
Developed the hierarchy of needs theory, which describes human motivation as a progression from basic physiological needs to higher-level psychological needs
positive regard
Warmth, acceptance, and love from those around a person
conditions of worth
Requirements that you must meet to earn a persons positive regard
real self
The version of yourself that you actually experience in day-to-day life
ideal self
the self-actualized version of yourself that you naturally strive to become
Self-concept
Your view of who you are
Incongruence
A mismatch between your real self and your ideal self
congruence
A match between your real self and your ideal self
Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality
A theory that emphasizes the interaction of environment, thought processes, and social factors
Reciprocal determinism
The theory that three factors-behavior, environment, and cognitions-continually influence each other
Self-efficacy
Your beliefs about your own capabilities
Trait theory of Personality
A theory that emphasizes the discovery and description of the basic components of personality
Five-Factor Model of Personality
An explanation of personality that emphasizes five fundamental traits present in all people to varying degrees
(Big Five)
neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness
Objective Personality Tests
Personality tests in which the client responds to a standardized set of questions, usually in multiple-choice or true-false format
MMPI-2
A widely used and respected objective personality test that emphasizes mental disorders
Projective Personality Tests
Personality tests in which clients respond to ambiguous stimuli in a free-form way
Rorschach inkblot technique
A projective personality test in which the client responds to 10 inkblot images
Social Psychology
(1) A basic research specialization in which psychologists focus on how people think about, influence, and relate to each other