Unit 2 - Biodiversity

Keystone species

________: plays a significant role in determining community structure.

Indicator species

________: represents aspect or quality of an ecosystem is present.

Sustainable development

________: using resources in a way that fulfills human needs but does not deplete their quantity for future generations (profitable)

migration

an adaptive response of movement of habitats for better opportunities for resources and mating.

Provisional

________: resources directly derived from sources in nature.

human activity

leads to disruptions of natural processes, having economic and ecological consequences such as habitat fragmentation

geographical disruption

Physical and ________ of various environments caused by human activity.

basic natural processes

Supporting: ________ that sustain life on Earth.

Pesticide resistance

________ (mutations in the genes of pests cause pesticides to become ineffective), natural selection.

Productivity

________: more biomass → higher rates of photosynthesis (measure of productivity)

environmental change

Gene must be present BEFORE the ________.

environmental worldviews

anthropocentric or ecocentric (balance is biocentric)

sustainable development

using resources in a way that fulfills human needs but does not deplete their quantity for future generations

provisional, regulating, cultural, supporting

what are the types of ecosystem services?

Provisional

resources directly derived from sources in nature

Regulating

processes that maintain natural phenomena to be clean, functional, and resilient

Cultural

abstract concepts/ideas that contribute to the cultural/theoretical development of human society

Supporting

basic natural processes that sustain life on Earth

species richness

number of species in an area

species evenness

comparison of population and species

Highest species richness

large islands near the mainland

lowest species richness

small islands far from the mainland

solution

habitat corridors (connecting fragmented habitats through animal-friendly tunnels or bridges = easier migration & greater diversity)

periodic

one event → long-term effect/event

episodic

sudden event → greater effects/events over time

random

sudden, w/o leading cause

biomass

larger plant species have more biomass than smaller plant species (material & weight)

richness

greater in previously distributed species; less in recently distributed species

productivity

more biomass → higher rates of photosynthesis

primary succession

a new area is dominated by pioneer species

pioneer species

broad range of ecological tolerance to survive ecological disturbances

secondary succession

new species take over old land

keystone species

plays a significant role in determining community structure

ecosystem engineers

organisms that alter habitat beneficially

mutualists

two organisms interact for mutual benefit

indicator species

represents an aspect or quality of an ecosystem that should be present

ecological tolerance

range of abiotic conditions that an organism can survive in

ecological succession

gradual change in community structure in an ecosystem

habitat fragmentation

separation of singular habitat leading to dislocation of species

habitat corridors

connects fragmented habitats to promote greater diversity and reduce effects of habitat fragmentation