Biological molecules - water

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physical and chemical properties of water.

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21 Terms

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Properties of water

Polar molecule

cohesion

adhesion

high specific heat capacity

high latent heat for vaporisation

ice is less dense

universal solvent for life

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Polar molecule

It has uneven number of charges

the O atom is slightly negative
the H atom is slightly positive

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The number of hydrogen bonds a water molecule can form…

…upto four neighbours

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Hydrogen bonds form, break and reform…

…at great frequency

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Numerous hydrogen bonds makes it a…

…very stable structure

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Cohesion

Water molecules are attracted to each other and form hydrogen bonds

they move together as a chain

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Adhesion

Water molecules stick to surfaces

due to the polarity it gets attracted to other charged or polar substances

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Surface tension

a measure of the force necessary to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

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Water behaves as if…

…it is covered by invisible film

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High specific heat capacity

The amount of heat that may be absorbed or lost for 1 kg of a substance to change its temperature by 1’C

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Water has a specific heat capacity of…

…4200J/kg’C

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Water doesnt change temperature drastically so…

…this can be used to maintain a suitable temperature

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Water can absorb/release relatively large amounts of heat…

…with only a slight change in its temperature

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High latent heat of vaporisation

the thermal energy required to convert a specific amount of a substance from a liquid to a gas at a constant temperature and pressure

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This is responsible for…

moderating earths climate

stabalising temperature in aquatic ecosystems

preventing organisms from overheating

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Density

The mass of a substance per unit volume

most dense at 4’C
expands from 4’C to 0’C

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Ice forms from…

…top to bottom

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Solution

solute and solvent

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Aqueous solution

solution in which water is the solvent

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Hydrophylic

form hydrogen bonds with water

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Hydrophobic

cant from bonds with water

hydrocarbons