USA Depth Study -- Social Change

The US society, Prohibition, and Social Change.

How did the average weekly working hours drop by 1920?

From 47 to 44 hours

How did wages rise during the 1920s?

Increased by 11%

How many farmers are unemployed by 1920?

6,000,000

Radios sold in 1920 vs 1929

60,000 in 1920, 10,000,000 in 1929

Radio licenses in 1920 vs 1921

1 license in 1920, 500 in 1921

How much did the NBC make per year in 1929

$150,000

What percentage of houses had a radio by 1930?

40%

How was the 1920s called in terms of music?

The Jazz Age

What caused the spread of Jazz?

Migration from deep south

What was the popular jazz dance?

The Charleston

How many Jazz songs did Louie Armstrong release during the 1920s?

Over 60 songs (also in a musical group)

How many Jazz songs did Louie Armstrong release during the 1920s?

Over 40 songs

How many jazz clubs were opened during the 1920s?

Over 300 jazz clubs

What are two examples of famous jazz clubs?

The Apollo Theater (Harlem, New York) and The Blue Note (Chicago)

What was Babe Ruth’s sport?

Baseball

What was Jack Dempsey’s sport?

Boxing

What was Babe Ruth’s sallary during the 1920s?

$80,000 per year, highest paid sportperson

How many people listened to Jack Dempsey’s fight in 1927?

50,000,000

When were “talkies” created (and what were they)?

Films with sound + dialogue, created in 1927

How many movies did Hollywood release per year?

Over 800 films

How many cinema tickets were sold per week?

Over 100,000,000

1 example of a famous Hollywood star created during the 1920s?

Charlie Chaplin

What was the most famous film during the 1920s?

The Jazz Singer (1927)

How much did the Jazz Singer talkie make?

Over $3.8 million ($50 million in todays money due to inflation)

How many tickets did The Jazz Singer sell?

Over 5 million

How much did a cinema ticket cost during the 1920s?

$0.50

2 examples of pin-ups (images of attractive women) during the 1920s

Theda Bara, Clara Bow

In what two movies did Theda Bara cast?

“When a Woman Sins”, and “Cleopatra”

Women had to replace the work of how many men that went to WW1?

2 milllion

Average salary of women compared to men

$1200 (women), $2000 (men) per year

When did women receive the vote?

1920 (19th Amendment)

Examples of woman Role Models

Theda Bara, Eleanor Roosevelt

How many women were working outside of home during the 1920s?

10,000,000

How many more women were working outside of home than before?

24%

What percentage of the labor force were women?

20%

How much less were women cola miners paid compared to men?

50%

What percentage of families had refrigerators?

60%

What percentage of homes had electricity?

100%

How many divorces were there in 1914 compared to 1929?

100,000 (1914), 200,000 (1929)

What was the immigration in 1900 compared to 1914?

10 million (1900), 14 million (1914)

WASP?

White Anglo Saxon Protestant

How many Germans emigrated to the US after the ToV (1918)?

4 million

How many Austria Hungarians emigrated to the US after the collapse of AH?

3 million

What was the Trade Unionism strike of 1919?

4 million American workers went on strike across 25 states

What was the miner’s strike of 1928?

450,000 miners went on strike

By how much did the consumer price index (CPI) increase in 1919 and 1920?

Increased by 15% in 1919 and 14% in 1920 (causing sharp rise in cost of living)

What are the four examples of aggression because of radical political beliefs?

1919 Bomb Plant, Milwaukee Church Bomb, Wall Street Bomb, and Race Riots

When was the Milwaukee Bomb Plant and how many did it kill?

1919, killed 10 people in a church in Milwaukee

What was the 1919 Bomb Plant?

Anarchist bombing in the form of mail bombs sent to important figures, 8 bombs

Who was almost killed by the 1919 Bomb Plant?

Attorney General Mitchell Palmer (wasn’t at home when the explosion happened)

How many did the 1920 bomb in Wall Street kill?

37

What were Race Riots and where did they happen?

Typically involve white mobs attacking Black communities, across 25 states

What was the Red Scare?

intense fear and suspicion of, immigrants, communism, socialism, anarchism, and radical leftist ideologies

Who led the Red Scare arrests?

Attorney General Mitchell Palmer

Files were built on how many suspected communists?

60,000

Out of all the files, how many were proven correct?

less than 600

When was Palmer removed?

1921, after an investigation from Louis Post

How many immigrants were deported because of the Red Scare?

10,000

What was an excuse for the Red Scare?

All the bomb plants, riots, economic hardship and European immigration

When and what was the Sacco and Vanzetti Trial?

1920, a trial of two Italian anarchist convicted of murder and robbery

Who was the Judge of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial?

Webster Thayor

What was the judge’s famous quote?

“They may not have committed these crimes but are moraly culpable for their beliefs”

How did the trial end?

Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927, but later pardoned for not being guilty. This also resulted in various immigration quotas

When were the two Immigration Quotas?

Emergency Quota Act (1921), Johnson Reed Act (1924)

What was the main aims of the Immigration Quotas?

Reduce immigration by 80% (preferred from northern Europe)

What was the Emergency Quota Act and what did it limit?

Set national quotas. Allowed only 3% of that population residing in the USA to immigrate. Annual limit of 357,000

What was the limit of the Johnson Reed Act?

150,000 immigrants per year

What was “Howard University”?

The first all African American University

What was the population of Harlem in 1910 compared to 1930?

50,000 in 1910, 200,000 in 1930

How much did the African American populations of New York and Chicago grow in the 1920s?

Doubled

What was “Black Boycotting” in the 1920s?

African American communities avoided white owned businesses

Who was Paul Robeson?

African American lawyer who studied in Columbia and couldn’t find a job

What was the average salary for African Americans?

$3.00 per day

How did African American life expectancy increase during the 1920s?

from 45 to 48

What was the black unemployment rate during the 1920s?

10%

What was the white unemployment rate during the 1920s?

3%

Who are two famous African American poets?

Langston Hughes (“I too”) and Countee Cullen

Who are two famous African American singers?

Joe King Oliver and Louis Armstrong

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A black capitalist movement in which more white people went to black clubs and listened to black jazz

What was the 13th Amendment?

1965, abolished slavery

What were Literacy Tests?

Tests needed for black people to vote (impossible to pass)

What was the NAACP?

Organization that campaigned against segregation and lynching

How many members did the NAACP have?

90,000 by 1919

Who founded the NAACP?

Web Dubois

What was the UNIA?

Organization that campaigned for more black businesses. Offered loans and created shipping companies

How many members did the UNIA in 1921?

1 million

Who founded the UNIA?

Marcus Garvey

When was the “Birth of a Nation” released?

1915

How many members did the KKK have after 1915?

Over 5,000,000

How many people were killed during the “Red Summer”?

28

To how much did the native American population decrease in 1920?

from 1.5million in 19th century to 250,000 in 1920

What were “reservations”?

Land in the mid west were Native Americans were forced to live

How many special boarding schools were there by 1920?

350

How many Native Americans fought in WW1

Over 17,000

When were Native Americans granted American Citizenship?

1924

What was the Merriam Report?

Recommendations for improvement in lives of Native Americans. Finally put forward in Roosevelts New Deal

What were fundamentalists?

People who took the Bible as a fact

What was the antievolutionary League?

organization set up in 1924 that opposed the teaching of evolution in schools

How many state governments passed on antievolutionary laws?

6

Who was William Jennings Bryan?

democratic politician