Biology 0610: Characteristics of Living Organisms and Classification

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to the classification and characteristics of living organisms as discussed in the lecture.

Movement

An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change in position or place.

Respiration

Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules for metabolism and release energy.

Sensitivity

The ability to detect and respond to changes in internal or external environment.

Growth

A permanent increase in size and dry mass of an organism.

Reproduction

Processes that create more of the same kind of organism.

Excretion

The removal of waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements.

Nutrition

The taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development.

Species

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

Binomial Naming System

A system of naming species using two terms: the genus name and the species identifier, e.g., Equus caballus.

Dichotomous Key

A tool used to classify organisms based on observable features; each step presents two options.

Protoctist

Organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular, may or may not have a cell wall and chloroplasts.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants synthesize carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light.

Active Transport

The movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, against the concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Turgor Pressure

The pressure exerted by the fluid inside the central vacuole against the cell wall.

Enzyme

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions without being changed.

Denaturation

The alteration of the structure of an enzyme, typically caused by heat or pH changes, resulting in loss of function.

Transpiration

The loss of water vapor from the leaves of a plant.

Circulatory System

A system involving the heart and blood vessels that transports nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.

Blood Clotting

The process that prevents blood loss and the entry of pathogens into the bloodstream.

Villus

Small finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

Xylem

Vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals in plants.

Phloem

Vascular tissue responsible for transporting sugars and amino acids in plants.