1 MCQs Variants Gen. Pathology

Can compensatory (working) hypertrophy occur in the myocardium?

a. yes

b. no

Can compensatory (working) hypertrophy occur in the myocardium?

a. yes

b. no

Hypoplasia is decreased size of organs since birth:

a. yes

b. no

Hypoplasia is decreased size of organs since birth:

a. yes

b. no

What is typical for pseudo-hypertrophy?

a/ growth of fat tissue

b/ growth of parenchymal cells

What is typical for pseudo-hypertrophy?

a/ growth of fat tissue

b/ growth of parenchymal cells

Is there metachromasia in mucoid oedema after Toluidine blue staining:

a. yes

b. no

Is there metachromasia in mucoid oedema after Toluidine blue staining:

a. yes

b. no

Is the development of amyloidosis in some collagenoses possible?

a. yes

b. no

Is the development of amyloidosis in some collagenoses possible?

a. yes

b. no

Is formalin a suitable tissue fixative for proving neutral fats?

a. yes

b. no

Is formalin a suitable tissue fixative for proving neutral fats?

a. yes

b. no

Does amyloid contain gamma-globulin?

a. yes

b. no

Does amyloid contain gamma-globulin?

a. yes

b. no

Does hyalinosis develop in the walls of the blood vessels and in the connective tissue?

a. yes

b. no

Does hyalinosis develop in the walls of the blood vessels and in the connective tissue?

a. yes

b. no

Do urate stones form in the gall bladder?

a. yes

b. no

Do urate stones form in the gall bladder?

a. yes

b. no (they form in kidney joints/gout; gallbladder stones = cholesterol/pigment)

Does the inflammatory process in the gall bladder, renal pelvis etc., play an important role in the formation of calculi in them?

a. yes

b. no

Does the inflammatory process in the gall bladder, renal pelvis etc., play an important role in the formation of calculi in them?

a. yes

b. no

Which are the typical changes in parenchymal organs with degeneration ?

a/ wrinkled capsule

b/ hyperaemia

c/ swelling of parenchymal tissue

d/ paleness

Which are the typical changes in parenchymal organs with degeneration ?

a/ wrinkled capsule

b/ hyperaemia

c/ swelling of parenchymal tissue

d/ paleness

Mucoid swelling is typical in:

a/ rheumatoid arthritis

b/ rheumatism

c/ hypertension

d/ encephalitis, myelitis

Mucoid swelling is typical in:

a/ rheumatoid arthritis

b/ rheumatism

c/ hypertension

d/ encephalitis, myelitis

What are the causes for fat degeneration?

a/ chronic venous stagnation

b/ anaemia

c/ epidemic hepatitis

d/ work hyperaemia

What are the causes for fat degeneration?

a/ chronic venous stagnation

b/ anaemia

c/ epidemic hepatitis

d/ work hyperaemia

The typical sings of mucoid swelling are:

a/ oedema of extracellular matrix of connective tissue

b/ obliteration of cross striated collagen fibers under electron microscopy

c/ swelling and separated collagen fibers

d/ necrosis

The typical sings of mucoid swelling are:

a/ oedema of extracellular matrix of connective tissue

b/ obliteration of cross striated collagen fibers under electron microscopy

c/ swelling and separated collagen fibers

d/ necrosis

Hyperpigmentation of the skin is present in:

a/ Addison's disease

b/ ephelides (freckles)

c/ vitiligo

d/ nevus pigmentosus

Hyperpigmentation of the skin is present in:

a/ Addison's disease

b/ ephelides (freckles)

c/ vitiligo

d/ nevus pigmentosus

Local skin depigmentation skin is present in:

a/ vitiligo

b/ leucodermia

c/ albinism

d/ nevus pigmentosus

Local skin depigmentation skin is present in:

a/ vitiligo

b/ leucodermia

c/ albinism

d/ nevus pigmentosus

What are the typical changes in amyloidosis?

a/ glaze spleen

b/ arteriosclerotic nephrosclerosis

c/ lardaceous spleen

d/ large white kidney

What are the typical changes in amyloidosis?

a/ glaze spleen

b/ arteriosclerotic nephrosclerosis

c/ lardaceous spleen

d/ large white kidney

Indicate the possible outcome of fatty degeneration of the liver:

a) Amyloidosis

b) Complete recovery

c) Hyalinosis

d) Infarction

Indicate the possible outcome of fatty degeneration of the liver:

a) Amyloidosis

b) Complete recovery

c) Hyalinosis

d) Infarction

Indicate the factor that plays a role in the formation of concrements:

a) Inflammation

b) Amyloidosis

c) Preserved colloid osmotic balance

d) Arterial hypertension

Indicate the factor that plays a role in the formation of concrements:

a) Inflammation

b) Amyloidosis

c) Preserved colloid osmotic balance

d) Arterial hypertension

Which of the following disease does not refer to lipidosis?

a) Niemann-Pick's disease

b) Tay-Sach's disease

c) Gaucher's disease

d) Von Gierke's disease

Which of the following disease does not refer to lipidosis?

a) Niemann-Pick's disease

b) Tay-Sach's disease

c) Gaucher's disease

d) Von Gierke's disease

In which structure can glycogen accumulate in diabetes mellitus?

a) Lymph nodes

b) Cardiomyocytes

c) Epithelium of Henle's loop

d) Lipid cells

In which structure can glycogen accumulate in diabetes mellitus?

a) Lymph nodes

b) Cardiomyocytes

c) Epithelium of Henle's loop

d) Lipid cells

Where we cannot see amyloid deposition in amyloidosis?

a) Inside the wall of blood vessels

b) Inside the glomeruli

c) Cardiomyocytes

d) Intracellularly

Where we cannot see amyloid deposition in amyloidosis?

a) Inside the wall of blood vessels

b) Inside the glomeruli

c) Cardiomyocytes

d) Intracellularly

Indicate the characteristic sign of myocardial lipomatosis:

a) Vascularization of the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes

b) "Tiger" heart

c) Yellow colour of the heart muscle

d) Adipose tissue in the interstitium

Indicate the characteristic sign of myocardial lipomatosis:

a) Vascularization of the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes

b) "Tiger" heart

c) Yellow colour of the heart muscle

d) Adipose tissue in the interstitium

Indicate the factor that could cause hypercalcemia:

a) Rachitis

b) Adenoma of the thyroid gland

c) Hypervitaminosis D

d) Diabetes mellitus

Indicate the factor that could cause hypercalcemia:

a) Rachitis

b) Adenoma of the thyroid gland

c) Hypervitaminosis D

d) Diabetes mellitus

Where can we find metastatic calcification?

a) Lungs

b) Hepatocytes

c) Brain

d) Venous wall

Where can we find metastatic calcification?

a) Lungs

b) Hepatocytes

c) Brain

d) Venous wall

Which feature is typical for hyaline?

a) Homogenous

b) Orange colour

c) Heterogenous

d) Transparent

Which feature is typical for hyaline?

a) Homogenous

b) Orange colour

c) Heterogenous

d) Transparent

The autopsy reveals fibrous changes and two lesions with stone density in the upper area of the right lung. Their cut surface is pale and small parts break off from it. How can we explain the nature of these petrifications?

a) Pseudogout

b) Accumulation of uric acid salts

c) Dystrophic calcification

d) Calcium metastases

The autopsy reveals fibrous changes and two lesions with stone density in the upper area of the right lung. Their cut surface is pale and small parts break off from it. How can we explain the nature of these petrifications?

a) Pseudogout

b) Accumulation of uric acid salts

c) Dystrophic calcification

d) Calcium metastases

Obesitas differs from lipomatosis according to:

a) Nature of accumulated lipids

b) Quantity of accumulated lipids

c) Spreading of the process

d) The are stages of the same process

Obesitas differs from lipomatosis according to:

a) Nature of accumulated lipids

b) Quantity of accumulated lipids

c) Spreading of the process

d) The are stages of the same process

On the skin of both eyelids of a young woman are seen protruding nodules with yellow colour and diameter about 5mm. What is this condition?

a) Xanthelasmes

b) Pigmented nevus

c) Ephelides

d) Hemosiderin accumulation

On the skin of both eyelids of a young woman are seen protruding nodules with yellow colour and diameter about 5mm. What is this condition?

a) Xanthelasmes

b) Pigmented nevus

c) Ephelides

d) Hemosiderin accumulation

The autopsy revealed a large tumour with a jelly-like appearance in the stomach. There are metastases with the same appearance over the intestinal serosa. Histologically are seen many signet ring cells with positive PAS-peaction in the cytoplasm. What pathologic process can be associated with the jelly-like appearance of the tumour?

a) Mucuoid degeneration

b) Fatty degeneration

c) Hyaline-droplet degeneration

d) Fibrinoid degeneration

The autopsy revealed a large tumour with a jelly-like appearance in the stomach. There are metastases with the same appearance over the intestinal serosa. Histologically are seen many signet ring cells with positive PAS-peaction in the cytoplasm. What pathologic process can be associated with the jelly-like appearance of the tumour?

a) Mucuoid degeneration

b) Fatty degeneration

c) Hyaline-droplet degeneration

d) Fibrinoid degeneration

Calcium deposition is present in:

a/ atherocalcinosis

b/ kidney arterioles

c/ psammomatous meningioma

d/ cardiac valves diseases

Calcium deposition is present in:

a/ atherocalcinosis

b/ kidney arterioles

c/ psammomatous meningioma

d/ cardiac valves diseases

The possible outcomes of fatty liver degeneration are:

a/ amyloidosis

b/ complete healing

c/ hyalinosis

d/ liver cirrhosis

The possible outcomes of fatty liver degeneration are:

a/ amyloidosis

b/ complete healing

c/ hyalinosis

d/ liver cirrhosis

Point out in which structures glycogen accumulates in diabetes mellitus:

a/ the cells of the Langerhans islets

b/ the cardiomyocytes

c/ the epithelial cells of Henle's loop

d/ the nuclei of the hepatocytes

Point out in which structures glycogen accumulates in diabetes mellitus:

a/ the cells of the Langerhans islets

b/ the cardiomyocytes

c/ the epithelial cells of Henle's loop

d/ the nuclei of the hepatocytes

Point out the characteristic signs of lipomatosis of the myocardium:

a/ vacuolization of the cytoplasm of the cardiomyocytes

b/ 'Tiger' heart

c/ Pale yellow color of the myocardium

d/ Fatty tissue in the interstitium

Point out the characteristic signs of lipomatosis of the myocardium:

a/ vacuolization of the cytoplasm of the cardiomyocytes

b/ 'Tiger' heart

c/ Pale yellow color of the myocardium

d/ Fatty tissue in the interstitium

Point out the factors, which lead to hypercalcemia:

a/ Rickets

b/ adenoma of the thyroid gland

c/ hypervitaminosis D

d/ adenoma of the parathyroid glands

Point out the factors, which lead to hypercalcemia:

a/ Rickets

b/ adenoma of the thyroid gland

c/ hypervitaminosis D

d/ adenoma of the parathyroid glands

Point out the signs of mechanical ( obstructive ) jaundice:

a/ increased levels of direct bilirubin in the blood serum

b/ increased levels of direct and indirect bilirubin in the blood serum

c/ dilated intrahepatic bile ducts

d/ icteric coloring of the brain

Point out the signs of mechanical ( obstructive ) jaundice:

a/ increased levels of direct bilirubin in the blood serum

b/ increased levels of direct and indirect bilirubin in the blood serum

c/ dilated intrahepatic bile ducts

d/ icteric coloring of the brain

Which stains are used in proving amyloid?

a/ Sudan III

b/ methyl-violet

c/ Best's carmine

d/ Congo red

Which stains are used in proving amyloid?

a/ Sudan III

b/ methyl-violet

c/ Best's carmine

d/ Congo red

Due to which diseases amyloidosis often develops?

a/ Bronchiectasis disease

b/ Myeloma

c/ Hypertension

d/ Rheumatoid arthritis

Due to which diseases amyloidosis often develops?

a/ Bronchiectasis disease

b/ Myeloma

c/ Hypertension

d/ Rheumatoid arthritis

In an autopsy, there is found a large tumor with jelly-like appearance, in the stomach. There are similarly looking metastases on the intestinal serosa. In the microscopic specimens from the tumor there are found many tumor cells with signet-ring form, in whose cytological smear the PAS reaction is positive. What is the pathological process connected to the jelly-like appearance of the tumor?

a/ mucinous degeneration

b/ fatty degeneration

c/ hyaline degeneration

d/ fibrinoid swelling

In an autopsy, there is found a large tumor with jelly-like appearance, in the stomach. There are similarly looking metastases on the intestinal serosa. In the microscopic specimens from the tumor there are found many tumor cells with signet-ring form, in whose cytological smear the PAS reaction is positive. What is the pathological process connected to the jelly-like appearance of the tumor?

a/ mucinous degeneration

b/ fatty degeneration

c/ hyaline degeneration

d/ fibrinoid swelling

In the skin of both eyelids of a young woman there can be seen yellowish nodules, prominating above the skin-level, with sizes of rice seeds. How is this condition called?

a/ xanthelasma

b/ nevus pigmentosus

c/ ephelides (freckles)

d/ hemosiderin deposition

In the skin of both eyelids of a young woman there can be seen yellowish nodules, prominating above the skin-level, with sizes of rice seeds. How is this condition called?

a/ xanthelasma

b/ nevus pigmentosus

c/ ephelides (freckles)

d/ hemosiderin deposition

Obesitas, adipositas and lipomatosis are terms, which describe different types of lipid accumulation according to:

a/ the type of the deposited lipids

b/ the quantity of the deposited lipids

c/ the spreading of the process

d/ they are grades of lipid accumulation

Obesitas, adipositas and lipomatosis are terms, which describe different types of lipid accumulation according to:

a/ the type of the deposited lipids

b/ the quantity of the deposited lipids

c/ the spreading of the process

d/ they are grades of lipid accumulation

Which of the listed mechanisms below have no relation to granular degeneration?

a/ alkalosis

b/ increased protein synthesis

c/ increased reabsorption

d/ acidosis

Which of the listed mechanisms below have no relation to granular degeneration?

a/ alkalosis

b/ increased protein synthesis

c/ increased reabsorption

d/ acidosis

Which are the two main types of hemosiderosis?

a/ local

b/ renal

c/ systemic

d/ liver

Which are the two main types of hemosiderosis?

a/ local

b/ renal

c/ systemic

d/ liver

Can compensatory (working) hypertrophy occur in the oesophagus?

a. yes

b. no

Can compensatory (working) hypertrophy occur in the oesophagus?

a. yes

b. no

Is aging an important cause for the atrophy of organs?

a. yes

b. no

Is aging an important cause for the atrophy of organs?

a. yes

b. no

Could there be hyperplasia in the mucosa of the uterus?

a. yes

b. no

Could there be hyperplasia in the mucosa of the uterus?

a. yes

b. no

Could we use Perls staining to identify hemosiderin?

a. yes

b. no

Could we use Perls staining to identify hemosiderin?

a. yes

b. no

Could vitiligo be a congenital depigmentation?

a. yes

b. no

Could vitiligo be a congenital depigmentation?

a. yes

b. no

Can we use PAS-reaction to glycogen?

a. yes

b. no

Can we use PAS-reaction to glycogen?

a. yes

b. no

Is chronic venous congestion one of the main factors for developing hemosiderosis?

a. yes

b. no

Is chronic venous congestion one of the main factors for developing hemosiderosis?

a. yes

b. no

Do immune reactions play a role in the development of fibrinoid degeneration?

a. yes

b. no

Do immune reactions play a role in the development of fibrinoid degeneration?

a. yes

b. no

Can we find fatty change in the myocardium due to hypoxia?

a. yes

b. no

Can we find fatty change in the myocardium due to hypoxia?

a. yes

b. no

Is it possible for secondary amyloidosis to occur after chronic inflammatory processes?

a. yes

b. no

Is it possible for secondary amyloidosis to occur after chronic inflammatory processes?

a. yes

b. no

Which are the causes of parenchymal degeneration (cell swelling)?

a) Gout

b) Infectious diseases

c) Fever

d) Arterial hypertension

Which are the causes of parenchymal degeneration (cell swelling)?

a) Gout

b) Infectious diseases

c) Fever

d) Arterial hypertension

Indicate the typical localization of hyaline-droplet degeneration:

a) Cardiomyocytes

b) Endothelium of vessels

c) Renal epithelium

d) Fibroblasts

Indicate the typical localization of hyaline-droplet degeneration:

a) Cardiomyocytes

b) Endothelium of vessels

c) Renal epithelium

d) Fibroblasts

Indicate the typical localization of mucoid degeneration:

a) Connective tissue

b) Parenchyma of the liver

c) Arterial wall

d) Renal epithelium

Indicate the typical localization of mucoid degeneration:

a) Connective tissue

b) Parenchyma of the liver

c) Arterial wall

d) Renal epithelium

Which staining could we use to identify amyloid accumulation?

a) Sudan

b) Perls

c) Best's carmine

d) Congo red

Which staining could we use to identify amyloid accumulation?

a) Sudan

b) Perls

c) Best's carmine

d) Congo red

In which disease could amyloidosis develop?

a) Anthracosis

b) Malignant melanoma

c) Hypertensive disease

d) Rheumatoid arthritis

In which disease could amyloidosis develop?

a) Anthracosis

b) Malignant melanoma

c) Hypertensive disease

d) Rheumatoid arthritis

Which of the following is an example for local hemosiderosis?

a) Hemolytic anemia

b) Brown induration of the lungs

c) Brown atrophy of the liver

d) Lipogranuloma

Which of the following is an example for local hemosiderosis?

a) Hemolytic anemia

b) Brown induration of the lungs

c) Brown atrophy of the liver

d) Lipogranuloma

Which pigment could accumulate in the organs is hemochromatosis?

a)Hemosiderin

b) Bilirubin

c) Hemomelanin

d) Porphyrin

Which pigment could accumulate in the organs is hemochromatosis?

a)Hemosiderin

b) Bilirubin

c) Hemomelanin

d) Porphyrin