2.5-2.6, 2.9-2.10 - Membrane Transport, Facilitated Diffusion, Cell Compartmentalization, Origins of Compartmentalization

What is active transport?

movement of a substance against its concentration gradient

What does active transport require? (2)

1. energy

2. a protein

What is endocytosis?

1. ingestion of matter via invagination of the cell membrane

2. results in the formation of a vesicle

How much energy does endocytosis use and how?

1. a lot

2. indirectly

What is exocytosis?

release of vesicle contents to cell exterior

How much energy does exocytosis use and how?

1. a lot

2. indirectly

What is primary active transport?

a method of active transport that directly uses ATP

What type of transport is proteins moving across the double membrane of the mitochondria?

facilitated diffusion

How is the intermembrane space of the mitochondria different from its matrix (innermost space)

it’s more acidic

Which theory says the mitochondria and chloroplast were once independent prokaryotic cells?

theory of endosymbiosis

What evidence is there for endosymbiosis? (3)

1. extra-nuclear DNA

2. double membrane

3. independent replication

How did the mitochondria’s double membrane form?

it was the remnant of a vesicle

What shape is the extra-nuclear DNA?

circular