y10 cs

What is a bit?

A single binary digit, either 0 or 1.

What is hexadecimal?

A base

How do you convert binary to denary?

Add the place values where there is a 1.

What is an overflow error in binary?

When the result exceeds the available bits.

What is the hexadecimal of 4A?

(16×4) + 10 = 74 in denary.

What does a left shift do?

Multiplies the binary number by 2 for each shift.

What does a right shift do?

Divides the binary number by 2 for each shift.

What is a logical shift?

Fills with 0s regardless of sign.

What is an arithmetic shift?

Preserves the sign bit (MSB).

How is

89 represented in two’s complement?

What is ASCII?

7

What is UNICODE?

16

What is a pixel?

The smallest unit of an image.

What does colour depth affect?

Number of colours and file size.

How do you calculate image file size?

width × height × colour depth.

What is a sample in digital audio?

A measurement of amplitude at a point in time.

What is sample rate?

Number of samples per second (Hz).

What is bit depth?

Bits used to represent each sample.

What increases sound quality?

Higher sample rate and bit depth.

Formula to calculate sound file size?

Bit depth × sample rate × duration.

What is the input

process

What is a sequential model?

Tasks are done one at a time in order.

What is a parallel model?

Multiple tasks run simultaneously.

What is a multi

agent model?

Example of multi

agent system?

What does ALU stand for?

Arithmetic Logic Unit.

What is the function of CU?

Controls instruction execution.

What are registers?

Small, fast storage in the CPU.

Name the three CPU buses.

Data, Control, Address.

What is the FDE cycle?

Fetch, Decode, Execute.

What is clock speed?

Number of FDE cycles per second.

What does cache memory do?

Stores frequently accessed data for speed.

What is a core in a CPU?

An individual processing unit.

Why are more cores helpful?

Run multiple apps or tasks concurrently.

What limits multiple

core efficiency?

What is RAM used for?

Temporary storage of active data/programs.

What is ROM used for?

Permanent storage of BIOS and bootstrap.

What is virtual memory?

Disk space used when RAM is full.

What causes thrashing?

Excessive use of virtual memory.

Which storage is fastest?

Solid State Drive (SSD).

What is WIMP?

Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer.

What does the OS manage?

Memory, CPU, devices, users, and files.

What is defragmentation?

Reorganising data on a drive for efficiency.

What is malware?

Malicious software like viruses or trojans.

What does backup software do?

Saves copies of data for recovery.

What is a variable?

A named memory location storing data.

What is selection in programming?

Using conditions to choose which code to run.

What is iteration?

Repeating code using loops.

What is an array?

A list of data stored in a single variable.

What does string traversal mean?

Iterating through each character in a string.