council of trent - cath ref before trent

the devout

pious (devout) laymen (ordinary ppl) comitted to living in a manner that was consistent with catholic principles

individual reformers

influenticial figures seeking to improve the condition of the catholic church
e.g. Erasmus,Contarini

Oratory of Divine Love

founded in 1514
most influential brotherhood of the "devout"
became split between spirituali and zelanti

who led spirituali part of ODL

Contarini

who led zelanti part of ODL

Carafa

what are the new orders

orders of nuns and monks intent reviving the spirituality of the catholic church

name the new orders

theatines
barnabites
ursulines
capuchins
jesuits

the theatines

1524
a group of priests recieving training as reformers

the barnabites

1530
a group specialising in dramatic preaching

the ursulines

1535
a group of nuns who were devoted to girls education

the capuchins

1529
offshoot of franciscans
worked with poor and sick

the jesuits

1540
travelling reformers
role to "reclaim" lost souls for the catholic church
very loyal to pope and intent on reform

Isabella and Ferdinand

Queen and King of Spain
supportive in spanish reform

Charles Vs HRE

1536: attempted to discuss reform with Germany but failed
1541:attempted to comprimise with prots in Regensburg but failed
he was v influential in pushing for a general council to ensure church wide reform before the church in ger colapsed

Pope Julius II

called 5th latern council-1512
produced multiple of reform proposals
e.g. selection of appropriate bishops

Pope Paul III

attempted to assemble general council in 1536(failed due war fought by Francais I and Charles V)
established Jesuits as religious order
called council of Trent

when did paul III establish jesuits as religous order

1540

when did Paul III call for Trent

1537

what were the obstacles to reform before trent

inconsistent qaulity of papacy
divisions among reformers
inconsistency across europe
lack of support from princes

inconsistent qaulity of papacy

the papacy was all-too-often focused on protecting its own power and wealth

examples of inconsistent qaulity of papacy

alexander VI supported the burning of Savaranola (new style reformer in Florence-1498)
Leo X encouraged sale of indulgences

divisions among reformers

the spirituli were open to dialogue with the lutherans,recognising the ideas of St Augustine in Luthers writings
however
zelanti only interested in rooting out heresey ASAP

inconsistency across europe

the new orders(except jesuits) were only active in Italy
Reform was much less forthcoming in France,England and HRE

lack of support from princes

Fr and Eng monarchs were more interested in using church to advance their own political power than genuine reform
Charles V's support came too late-Ger was already englufed in prot reform